Saborizantes y caracteres de diseño en cigarrillos y productos de tabaco disponibles próximos a centros educativos en Montevideo, Uruguay

The aim of this paper is to overview progress made with respect to the adoption of plain (or standardised) packaging, key challenges faced, evaluative evidence and opportunities for extending this policy. It has been a decade since Australia became the first country to require tobacco products to be sold in plain packaging; after slow initial uptake, 16 countries have now fully implemented this policy. Since 2020, plain packaging laws have become more comprehensive in some countries, expanding coverage beyond traditional tobacco products to include heated tobacco, tobacco accessories (rolling papers) and other nicotine-containing products (e-cigarettes). Laws have also become more innovative: some now ban non-biodegradable filters, include provision for a periodic change of the pack colour or require both plain packaging and health-promoting pack inserts. The tobacco industry has and will continue to use multi-jurisdictional strategies to oppose this policy. Evaluations suggest that plain packaging has improved health outcomes and has not burdened retailers, although research is limited to early policy adopters and important gaps in the literature remain. While the power of packaging as a sales tool has diminished in markets with plain packaging, tobacco companies have exploited loopholes to continue to promote their products and have increasingly focused on filter innovations. Opportunities exist for governments to strengthen plain packaging laws.

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Plain tobacco packaging: progress, challenges, learning and opportunities

Moodie

Hoek

Hammond

et al. 2022

Tob Control

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Progress in adopting bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship in the Americas: lessons from Uruguay and Argentina

Crosbie

Gutkowski

Severini

et al. 2022

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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Objective. To assess progress in and barriers to implementing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) in Uruguay, which has a complete ban, and Argentina, with a partial ban. Methods. Legislation on TAPS bans in Uruguay and Argentina was reviewed and relevant published literature, news stories, civil society reports and tobacco industry reports retrieved to analyze progress in implementing TAPS bans. Results. In Uruguay, the complete TAPS ban, which includes standardized tobacco packaging, maintains high compliance and severely limits exposure of TAPS, despite a few problems with corporate social responsibility, social media, and transnational advertising. In Argentina, the partial TAPS ban has more problems with compliance and exposure to TAPS. The most important barriers to implementing TAPS bans in both countries are the tobacco companies. In Uruguay, tobacco companies do not comply in a few areas but the complete ban greatly minimizes this. In Argentina, however, tobacco companies can more easily exploit gaps in the partial TAPS ban, such as advertising at the points of sale, promoting contests, and using influencers on social media. Conclusions. The partial TAPS ban in Argentina illustrates the problems with enforcement and the tobacco industry’s ability to exploit loopholes and continue to market their products, especially to young people. A complete TAPS ban, including standardized tobacco packaging, as in Uruguay, is easier to implement and enforce and is effective in reducing exposure to tobacco advertising. Nevertheless, governments should prioritize implementing TAPS bans on social media, which remains a difficult sphere to monitor and allows tobacco companies to continue recruiting and targeting young people.

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Características psicosociales y acoso escolar. Caso de estudio: Adolescentes del Colegio 4 de Noviembre de Manta

Daniel

2022

Revista Científica Y Arbitrada De Psicología NUNA YACHAY

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Las formas de comunicación entre los niños y adolescentes han ido generando en ellos una herramienta de violencia verbal llamado acoso escolar, el mismo que tiene consecuencias en las siguientes etapas de desarrollo, porque van en progreso y se convierten en conductas de agresión, verbales y psicológicas, haciendo de ellos sujetos no vulnerables al sistema social. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, desde la perspectiva cuantitativa, para caracterizar el fenómeno. Se trabajó con 104 alumnos de la Unidad Educativa 4 de noviembre, entre 14 y 15 años de edad, que cursaban el 10mo de básica; a los que se les aplicó el cuestionario “Escala de agresión entre pares”, y el test “Cisneros” de los cuales permiten evaluar si existe acoso escolar, sus modalidades e intensidad. Se obtuvo que el tipo de acoso más frecuente en la muestra resultó ser el psicológico- verbal, con escasas manifestaciones del fenómeno. Se proyectan acciones de prevención para desarrollar en la Unidad Educativa. Mediante el proceso de esta investigación se pretende determinar, si existe el acoso escolar en los estudiantes, debido a la presencia de conductas antisociales entre los mismos. Para así poder emplear una propuesta de promoción, prevención, y reforzamiento de las habilidades sociales, con el único fin de disminuir este tipo de comportamientos. Palabras claves: Adolescente, acoso escolar, intimidación, desigualdad.

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Saborizantes y caracteres de diseño en cigarrillos y productos de tabaco disponibles próximos a centros educativos en Montevideo, Uruguay

Abstract: Flavour additives and design lettering in cigarettes and tobacco products available close to educational centers in Montevideo, Uruguay Sabores e características das embalagens de cigarros e produtos de tabaco disponíveis próximos a de centros educativos em Montevidéu, Uruguai

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Plain tobacco packaging: progress, challenges, learning and opportunities

Plain tobacco packaging: progress, challenges, learning and opportunities

Progress in adopting bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship in the Americas: lessons from Uruguay and Argentina

Características psicosociales y acoso escolar. Caso de estudio: Adolescentes del Colegio 4 de Noviembre de Manta

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