Saccade latencies during a preferential looking task and objective scoring of grating acuity in children with and without visual impairments

Barsingerhorn, Annemiek D.; Boonstra, F. Nienke; Goossens, Jeroen

doi:10.1111/aos.14011

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The tracking software ( http://github.com/Donders-Institute/Stereo-gaze-tracking ) captured the pupil and corneal reflections (glints) of both eyes. The one-point calibration that is required for this method was part of another task 50 . The offline gaze reconstruction combined the asynchronous data from the two cameras into gaze position signals with an average refresh-rate of ~ 500 Hz.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual fixations rather than saccades dominate the developmental eye movement test

Tanke

Barsingerhorn

Boonstra

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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When children have visual and/or oculomotor deficits, early diagnosis is critical for rehabilitation. The developmental eye movement (DEM) test is a visual-verbal number naming test that aims to measure oculomotor dysfunction in children by comparing scores on a horizontal and vertical subtest. However, empirical comparison of oculomotor behavior during the two subtests is missing. Here, we measured eye movements of healthy children while they performed a digital version of the DEM. In addition, we measured visual processing speed using the Speed Acuity test. We found that parameters of saccade behavior, such as the number, amplitude, and direction of saccades, correlated with performance on the horizontal, but not the vertical subtest. However, the time spent on making saccades was very short compared to the time spent on number fixations and the total time needed for either subtest. Fixation durations correlated positively with performance on both subtests and co-varied tightly with visual processing speed. Accordingly, horizontal and vertical DEM scores showed a strong positive correlation with visual processing speed. We therefore conclude that the DEM is not suitable to measure saccade behavior, but can be a useful indicator of visual-verbal naming skills, visual processing speed, and other cognitive factors of clinical relevance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual fixations rather than saccades dominate the developmental eye movement test

Tanke

Barsingerhorn

Boonstra

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Lower testability in children with nystagmus is expected, since other clinical findings such as abnormal head posture, head shaking, flickering eyes, and other neurological conditions associated with nystagmus can influence eye tracking data quality [29,30]. Lower testability of children with visual impairment (38%) compared to children with normal vision (64%) on 4 alternative choice PL task, assessed with gaze tracking, has been recently also demonstrated by Barsingerhorn et al [15].…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Technological advancement recently enabled the researchers to develop automated visual acuity test (AVAT) and semi-automated visual acuity test for infants, which are combining gaze tracking [12][13][14][15] (see online suppl. material; for all online suppl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Visual Acuity Evaluation Based on Preferential Looking Technique and Controlled with Remote Eye Tracking

2020

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Objective. To establish an automated visual acuity test (AVAT) for infants, based on preferential looking technique and controlled with remote eye tracking. To validate the AVAT in a group of healthy children. To compare AVAT visual acuity (VA) values with corresponding VA values, acquired with standard tests (ST). Methods. ST, adapted for age (Keeler acuity cards in preverbal children, LEA symbols in verbal children), was performed to obtain monocular VA in a group of 36 healthy children. During AVAT, nine different stimuli with grating circles that matched spatial frequencies of nine Keeler acuity cards (raging between 0.29–14.5 cycles per degree) were projected on a screen. Three repetitions of each stimulus were showed during nine-second intervals, interchanging with an attention grabber. The remote eye tracker was used to evaluate the proportion of time a child spent looking at each grating circle compared to a homogenous grey background that matched the grating stimuli in average luminance. From this proportion of time child's binocular VA was evaluated. Results. 97 % (35/36) of healthy children successfully completed ST and AVAT. There was an agreement between the results of a ST and AVAT, Lin’s concordance coefficient being 0,53 (95% CI= 0,31–0,72). A tendency was observed towards VA overestimation on AVAT for children with VA> 0.4 logMAR on ST and towards VA underestimation on AVAT for children with VA ≤ 0.4 logMAR on ST. Conclusions. AVAT requires a minimally skilled investigator. The evaluation of better eye monocular VA on ST and binocular VA on AVAT were comparable for healthy children.

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“…The main diseases examined with eye-tracking technology were glaucoma, Stardgart's disease, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and sequellae of concussion. These investigations characterized and examined in detail oculomotor aspects, fixation stability and binocular fixation ( 2 ; 10 ; 14 ; 17 ; 42 ; 43 ; 44 ; 57 ; 65 ; 67 ; 69 ; 112 ; 116 ; 120 ; 125 ). Aspects related to visuospatial orientation and visual comfort were also analyzed ( 14 ; 43 ; 65 ; 71 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye tracking in optometry: A systematic review

González-Vides,

Hernández-Verdejo,

Cañadas-Suárez

2023

JEMR

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This systematic review examines the use of eye-tracking devices in optometry, describing their main characteristics, areas of application and metrics used. Using the PRISMA method, a systematic search was performed of three databases. The search strategy identified 141 reports relevant to this topic, indicating the exponential growth over the past ten years of the use of eye trackers in optometry. Eye-tracking technology was applied in at least 12 areas of the field of optometry and rehabilitation, the main ones being optometric device technology, and the assessment, treatment, and analysis of ocular disorders. The main devices reported on were infrared light-based and had an image capture frequency of 60 Hz to 2000 Hz. The main metrics mentioned were fixations, saccadic movements, smooth pursuit, microsaccades, and pupil variables. Study quality was sometimes limited in that incomplete information was provided regarding the devices used, the study design, the methods used, participants' visual function and statistical treatment of data. While there is still a need for more research in this area, eye-tracking devices should be more actively incorporated as a useful tool with both clinical and research applications. This review highlights the robustness this technology offers to obtain objective information about a person's vision in terms of optometry and visual function, with implications for improving visual health services and our understanding of the vision process.

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Saccade latencies during a preferential looking task and objective scoring of grating acuity in children with and without visual impairments

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Visual fixations rather than saccades dominate the developmental eye movement test

Visual fixations rather than saccades dominate the developmental eye movement test

Automated Visual Acuity Evaluation Based on Preferential Looking Technique and Controlled with Remote Eye Tracking

Eye tracking in optometry: A systematic review

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