Saccadic Direction Errors are Associated with Impulsive Compulsive Behaviours in Parkinson’s Disease Patients

Barbosa, Pedro; Kaski, Diego; Castro, Patricia; Lees, Andrew J.; Warner, Thomas T.; Djamshidian, Atbin

doi:10.3233/jpd-181460

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…PD patients can show impulsivity, and this behavior may be exacerbated by STN or GPi DBS or dopaminergic therapy 64 . Since anti-saccade error rates may correlate with impulsivity in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders 65 , oculomotor behavior could be developed as a readily measurable surrogate for impulsivity, and allow appropriate titration of DBS, L-Dopa or dopamine agonist therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Inhibitory Control of Oculomotor Behavior in Parkinson’s Disease

Bakhtiari

Altınkaya

Pack

et al. 2020

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, christopher c. pack & Abbas f. Sadikot * inhibiting inappropriate actions in a context is an important part of the human cognitive repertoire, and deficiencies in this ability are common in neurological and psychiatric disorders. An anti-saccade is a simple oculomotor task that tests this ability by requiring inhibition of saccades to peripheral targets (pro-saccade) and producing voluntary eye movements toward the mirror position (anti-saccades). Previous studies provide evidence for a possible contribution from the basal ganglia in anti-saccade behavior, but the precise role of different components is still unclear. Parkinson's disease patients with implanted deep brain stimulators (DBS) in subthalamic nucleus (STN) provide a unique opportunity to investigate the role of the STN in anti-saccade behavior. Previous attempts to show the effect of STN DBS on anti-saccades have produced conflicting observations. For example, the effect of STN DBS on anti-saccade error rate is not yet clear. Part of this inconsistency may be related to differences in dopaminergic states in different studies. Here, we tested Parkinson's disease patients on anti-and pro-saccade tasks ON and OFF STN DBS, in ON and OFF dopaminergic medication states. First, STN DBS increases anti-saccade error rate while patients are OFF dopamine replacement therapy. Second, dopamine replacement therapy and STN DBS interact: L-dopa reduces the effect of STN DBS on antisaccade error rate. Third, STN DBS induces different effects on pro-and anti-saccades in different patients. these observations provide evidence for an important role for the Stn in the circuitry underlying context-dependent modulation of visuomotor action selection. Neuromodulation or Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of several subcortical areas significantly improves motor function in Parkinson's disease (PD) 1,2. Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improves tremor, drug-induced dyskinesias and motor fluctuations, and may also modulate aspects of executive cognition or emotion 3-6. However, unlike its motor outcome, the effect of subthalamic DBS on higher order executive functions remains uncertain. An important component of executive function is inhibitory control: the ability to suppress an impulsive response to external events due to an inappropriate context 7. Dysfunction of inhibitory control is involved in several psychiatric conditions, such as mood disorders, disorders of thought, and addiction 8,9. In PD, a deficiency of inhibitory control has been reported in different experimental tasks, such as the stop signal task 10 , and the Stroop task 11 , and impulse control may be worsened by therapies in some patients 12,13. Eye movements can be measured precisely and objectively (with 1 ms temporal resolution and approximately 0.5 degree spatial resolution) by using state-of-the-art eye-tracking technologies. This advance has made eye movements a popular readout behavior for probing different aspects of cognition with potential applications in clinical assessments 14. One well-...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Inhibitory Control of Oculomotor Behavior in Parkinson’s Disease

Bakhtiari

Altınkaya

Pack

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…CI confidence interval, HC healthy control group, PD group with Parkinson's disease, (m) mixed task design with prosaccades and antisaccades, SD standard deviation, Std. standardized ◂ (Briand et al, 1999), B14 (Bonnet et al, 2014b), B19 (Barbosa et al, 2019), C12 (Cameron et al, 2012), C00 (Crevits et al, 2000), E17 (Ewenczyk et al, 2017), G16 (Gorges et al, 2016), H10 (Harsay et al, 2010), H19 (Hanuška et al, 2019), L19 (Lu et al, 2019), L90 (Lueck et al, 1990), L16 (Lemos et al, 2016), M05 (Mosimann et al, 2005), N16 (Nemanich & Earhart, 2016), N19 (Nagai et al, 2019), R17 (Ranchet et al, 2017), RP15 (Rivaud-Péchoux et al, 2007), V19 (Visser et al, 2019), vK09 (van Koningsbruggen et al, 2009, W15 (Walton et al, 2015), W16 (Wang et al, 2016), W19 (Waldthaler et al, 2019a)…”

Section: Moderator Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Antisaccades in Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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The usefulness of eye-tracking tasks as potential biomarkers for motor or cognitive disease burden in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been subject of debate for many years. Several studies suggest that the performance in the antisaccade task may be altered in patients with PD and associated with motor disease severity or executive dysfunction. In this meta-analysis, random effects models were used to synthesize the existing evidence on antisaccade error rates and latency in PD. Furthermore, meta-regressions were performed to assess the role of motor and cognitive disease severity, dopaminergic medication and methodological factors. Additionally, the impact of acute levodopa administration and activation of deep brain stimulation was evaluated in two separate sub-analyses.This meta-analysis confirms that antisaccade latency and error rate are significantly increased in PD. Disease duration, Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale score and Hoehn and Yahr stage mediate the effect of PD on antisaccade latency with higher motor burden being associated with increased antisaccade latency.Acute administration of levodopa had no significant effects on antisaccade performance in a small number of eligible studies. Deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus, on the other hand, may alter the speed accuracy trade-off supporting an increase of impulsivity following deep brain stimulation in PD.According to the results of the meta-analysis, antisaccade latency may provide a potential marker for disease severity and progression in PD which needs further confirmation in longitudinal studies.

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“…It is important to note that the impairment described here is not specific to CD. Poorer saccadic performance has been previously described in patients with dementia as well as patients with other basal ganglia disorders such as Huntington's disease, atypical parkinsonism, idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and patients with schizophrenia 13,36‐39 strengthening the hypothesis that dysfunction of the corticobasal network, either because of basal ganglia lesions, frontal cortex dysfunction, or both may lead to poorer saccadic control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Impaired Inhibitory Control of Saccadic Eye Movements in Cervical Dystonia: An Eye‐Tracking Study

et al. 2021

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Background The pathophysiology of cervical dystonia is still unclear. Recent evidence points toward a network disorder affecting several brain areas. The objective of this study was to assess the saccadic inhibition as a marker of corticostriatal function in cervical dystonia. Methods We recruited 31 cervical dystonia patients and 17 matched healthy controls. Subjects performed an overlap prosaccade, an antisaccade, and a countermanding task on an eye tracker to assess automatic visual response and response inhibition. Results Cervical dystonia patients made more premature saccades (P = 0.041) in the overlap prosaccade task and more directional errors in the antisaccade task (P = 0.011) and had a higher rate of failed inhibition in the countermanding task (P = 0.001). Conclusions The results suggest altered saccadic inhibition in cervical dystonia, possibly as a consequence of dysfunctional corticostriatal networks. Further studies are warranted to confirm whether these abnormalities are affected by the available therapies and whether this type of impairment is found in other focal dystonias. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

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Saccadic Direction Errors are Associated with Impulsive Compulsive Behaviours in Parkinson’s Disease Patients

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

The Role of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Inhibitory Control of Oculomotor Behavior in Parkinson’s Disease

The Role of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Inhibitory Control of Oculomotor Behavior in Parkinson’s Disease

Antisaccades in Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Impaired Inhibitory Control of Saccadic Eye Movements in Cervical Dystonia: An Eye‐Tracking Study

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