Saccadic eye movement dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease

Fletcher, William A.; Sharpe, James

doi:10.1002/ana.410200405

Cited by 177 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…As reported previously, these abnormalities are consistent with fronto-striatal pathologies (Maruff et al, 1998;Cairney et al, 2004a, b). For example, similar patterns of impairment are observed among individuals with focal cortical lesions or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease, and Parkinson's Disease, that disrupt fronto-cortical and basal ganglia pathways (Fletcher and Sharpe, 1986;Vidailhet et al, 1994). This suggests that the same brain areas are disrupted in association with chronic petrol sniffing (Maruff et al, 1998;Cairney et al, 2004a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Neurological and Cognitive Recovery Following Abstinence from Petrol Sniffing

Cairney

Maruff

Burns

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Anecdotal observations suggest that neurological impairments associated with petrol (gasoline) sniffing resolve with abstinence, although these effects have not been proven empirically. Severe exposure to leaded petrol may induce a lead encephalopathy that extends beyond any acute intoxication and requires emergency hospital treatment. Previously, in chronic petrol sniffers, we showed neurological, saccadic, and cognitive abnormalities that were more severe in petrol sniffers with a history of hospitalization for lead encephalopathy, and that correlated with blood lead levels and the length of time of sniffing petrol. Ex-petrol sniffers showed a qualitatively similar but quantitatively less severe pattern of impairment. Petrol sniffing was stopped completely in one of the study communities by modifying social, occupational, and recreational opportunities. After 2 years, we obtained biochemical and neurobehavioral (neurological, saccade, and cognitive) data from all available participants of the earlier study including 10 nonsniffers and 29 chronic petrol sniffers, with six of these individuals previously receiving hospital treatment for lead encephalopathy. Here, we report that blood lead was reduced and that neurobehavioral impairments improved, and in many cases normalized completely. The most severe petrol-related neurobehavioral impairment was observed among individuals who had longer histories of abuse and higher blood lead levels, and among petrol sniffers with a history of lead encephalopathy. Those with the greatest extent of neurobehavioral impairment showed the greatest degree of improvement with abstinence, but were less likely to recover completely. This is the first direct evidence that neurological and cognitive impairment from chronic petrol sniffing ameliorates with abstinence and may recover completely.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Neurological and Cognitive Recovery Following Abstinence from Petrol Sniffing

Cairney

Maruff

Burns

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…6 Hypometric saccades, prolonged saccade latencies, 7-11 reduced peak velocities, 8 and disorganized visual scanning 10,12 have been noted. However, an early observation suggesting that prosaccadic latencies might prove to be a reliable index of dementia severity 13 was not confirmed.…”

Section: Clinical Ocular Motor Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, an early observation suggesting that prosaccadic latencies might prove to be a reliable index of dementia severity 13 was not confirmed. 7 Furthermore, results from studies looking at the saccadic gain and velocity in AD are controversial; some studies found impairment, 8,14 whereas other studies did not. 9,15 intrusions during attempted fixation; 11 and (2) visual capture by the target in the antisaccadic paradigm, 14,[17][18][19] in which the subject has to suppress a reflexive saccade to a peripheral target and execute an endogenously driven saccade to an equal and opposite location.…”

Section: Clinical Ocular Motor Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular motor abnormalities in neurodegenerative disorders

Antoniades

Kennard

2014

Eye

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Eye movements are a source of valuable information to both clinicians and scientists as abnormalities of them frequently act as clues to the localization of a disease process. Classically, they are divided into two main types: those that hold the gaze, keeping images steady on the retina (vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes) and those that shift gaze and redirect the line of sight to a new object of interest (saccades, vergence, and smooth pursuit). Here we will review some of the major ocular motor abnormalities present in neurodegenerative disorders.

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“…Antisaccades (i.e., volitional saccades with opposite direction to the target) in AD exhibit impaired inhibition towards the target, as well as impaired correction of errors, with the extent of the deficiencies being related to the severity of the disease (Hershey et al 1983;Fletcher and Sharpe 1986;Moser et al 1995;Shafiq-Antonacci et al 2003;Crawford et al 2005;Garbutt et al 2008). Prosaccades (i.e., saccades directed toward the target) in AD have abnormally long latencies (Hershey et al 1983;Fletcher and Sharpe 1986;Moser et al 1995;Shafiq-Antonacci et al 2003;Crawford et al 2005;Garbutt et al 2008), but see Hershey et al (1983) and Mosimann et al (2005). Saccadic gain and speed findings in AD are controversial: some studies found impairment (Fletcher and Sharpe 1986;Hotson and Steinke 1988;Shafiq-Antonacci et al 2003) whereas others did not (Moser et al 1995;Garbutt et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prosaccades (i.e., saccades directed toward the target) in AD have abnormally long latencies (Hershey et al 1983;Fletcher and Sharpe 1986;Moser et al 1995;Shafiq-Antonacci et al 2003;Crawford et al 2005;Garbutt et al 2008), but see Hershey et al (1983) and Mosimann et al (2005). Saccadic gain and speed findings in AD are controversial: some studies found impairment (Fletcher and Sharpe 1986;Hotson and Steinke 1988;Shafiq-Antonacci et al 2003) whereas others did not (Moser et al 1995;Garbutt et al 2008). Very few studies have examined saccadic eye movements in MCI (Yang et al 2011(Yang et al , 2013, and no research has examined the characteristics of microsaccades in either AD or MCI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinctive features of microsaccades in Alzheimer’s disease and in mild cognitive impairment

Kapoula

Yang

Otero‐Millan

et al. 2013

AGE

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During visual fixation, the eyes are never completely still, but produce small involuntary movements, called "fixational eye movements," including microsaccades, drift, and tremor. In certain neurological disorders, attempted fixation results in abnormal fixational eye movements with distinctive characteristics. Thus, determining how normal fixation differs from pathological fixation has the potential to aid early and differential noninvasive diagnosis of neurological disease as well as the quantification of its progression and response to treatment. Here, we recorded the eye movements produced by patients with Alzheimer's disease, patients with mild cognitive impairment, and healthy age-matched individuals during attempted fixation. We found that microsaccade magnitudes, velocities, durations, and intersaccadic intervals were comparable in the three subject groups, but microsaccade direction differed in patients versus healthy subjects. Our results indicate that microsaccades are more prevalently oblique in patients with Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment than in healthy subjects. These findings extended to those microsaccades paired in squarewave jerks, supporting the hypothesis that microsaccades and square-wave jerks form a continuum, both in healthy subjects and in neurological patients.

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Saccadic eye movement dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 177 publications

References 39 publications

Neurological and Cognitive Recovery Following Abstinence from Petrol Sniffing

Neurological and Cognitive Recovery Following Abstinence from Petrol Sniffing

Ocular motor abnormalities in neurodegenerative disorders

Distinctive features of microsaccades in Alzheimer’s disease and in mild cognitive impairment

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