Saccadic Performance and Cortical Excitability as Trait-Markers and State-Markers in Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder: A Two-Case Follow-Up Study

Malsert, Jennifer; Guyader, Nathalie; Chauvin, Alan; Polosan, Mircea; Szekely, David; Bougerol, Thierry; Marendaz, Christian

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00112

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In 2004, Gooding and collaborators explored test-retest reliabilities on EM performances in bipolar patients, and reported that ER previously described were not temporally stable. More recently, Malsert et al ( 2012b ) have observed a link between antisaccade performances and clinical scores, suggesting that error rates could be a predictor of treatment response. Moreover, these authors compared antisaccade performances in two patients suffering from rapid cycling bipolar disorder, and found a higher ER in patients during depressive and manic phases, in comparison to HC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melancholic patients were characterized by longer latencies than non-melancholic and controls, and non-melancholic performed the task slower than controls. Malsert et al ( 2012b ) found very short reaction times in manic phases in patients with rapid cycling BD. Finally, Carvalho et al ( 2014 ) found an increase of RT in patients with MDD compared to controls but the same accuracy in PS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2000, Gooding et al found no differences in saccade count regardless of the amplitude of EM, and no differences in the total number of saccades between BD patients, HC and schizophrenic patients, whatever the eccentricities. Studying rapid cycling BD, Malsert et al ( 2012b ) observed that patients in manic phase had a higher number of NS inhibition errors than those in depressive or euthymic phase. Furthermore, for all phases of BD, patients had a higher percentage of NS inhibition errors than HC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These deficits were higher in the depressive phase than in the manic phase. Moreover, dBD and mBD could present an inhibition deficit leading to an increase in the antisaccade error rates (Malsert et al, 2012b ) and inhibition errors in the NS task are numerous in mBD (Malsert et al, 2012b ). These characteristics may be related to some clinical dimensions of BD such as the production of impulsive processes (Swann, 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eye Movement in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review of the Literature

et al. 2015

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Background: The analysis of eye movements (EM) by eye-tracking has been carried out for several decades to investigate mood regulation, emotional information processing, and psychomotor disturbances in depressive disorders.Method: A systematic review of all English language PubMed articles using the terms “saccadic eye movements” OR “eye-tracking” AND “depression” OR “bipolar disorders” was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. The aim of this review was to characterize the specific alterations of EM in unipolar and bipolar depression.Results: Findings regarding psychomotor disturbance showed an increase in reaction time in prosaccade and antisaccade tasks in both unipolar and bipolar disorders. In both disorders, patients have been reported to have an attraction for negative emotions, especially for negative pictures in unipolar and threatening images in bipolar disorder. However, the pattern could change with aging, elderly unipolar patients disengaging key features of sad and neutral stimuli. Methodological limitations generally include small sample sizes with mixed unipolar and bipolar depressed patients.Conclusion: Eye movement analysis can be used to discriminate patients with depressive disorders from controls, as well as patients with bipolar disorder from patients with unipolar depression. General knowledge concerning psychomotor alterations and affective regulation strategies associated with each disorder can also be gained thanks to the analysis. Future directions for research on eye movement and depression are proposed in this review.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eye Movement in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review of the Literature

et al. 2015

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“…Some authors suggested that performance on the AS task could be used as a psychophysical marker for mood disorders (García-Blanco et al, 2013; Malsert et al, 2013). Our results confirmed that the AS task could discriminate depressed bipolar patients from healthy subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What saccadic eye movements tell us about TMS-induced neuromodulation of the DLPFC and mood changes: a pilot study in bipolar disorders

Beynel¹,

Chauvin²,

Guyader³

et al. 2014

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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The study assumed that the antisaccade (AS) task is a relevant psychophysical tool to assess (i) short-term neuromodulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) induced by intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS); and (ii) mood change occurring during the course of the treatment. Saccadic inhibition is known to strongly involve the DLPFC, whose neuromodulation with iTBS requires less stimulation time and lower stimulation intensity, as well as results in longer aftereffects than the conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Active or sham iTBS was applied every day for 3 weeks over the left DLPFC of 12 drug-resistant bipolar depressed patients. To assess the iTBS-induced short-term neuromodulation, the saccadic task was performed just before (S1) and just after (S2) the iTBS session, the first day of each week. Mood was evaluated through Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores and the difference in scores between the beginning and the end of treatment was correlated with AS performance change between these two periods. As expected, only patients from the active group improved their performance from S1 to S2 and mood improvement was significantly correlated with AS performance improvement. In addition, the AS task also discriminated depressive bipolar patients from healthy control subjects. Therefore, the AS task could be a relevant and useful tool for clinicians to assess if the Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced short-term neuromodulation of the DLPFC occurs as well as a “trait vs. state” objective marker of depressive mood disorder.

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Mixed saccadic paradigm releases top-down emotional interference in antisaccade and prosaccade trials

Malsert

Grandjean

2016

Exp Brain Res

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Saccadic movements are well known to involve specific top-down or bottom-up processes depending on the task and paradigm characteristics. For example, after the Gap bottom-up effect, it has been shown that an Instruction effect, i.e., asking to identify a peripheral target instead of simply look toward it, reduces latencies in prosaccade (PS) but not in antisaccade (AS) tasks. Nevertheless, in a mixed task comprising AS, PS and nosaccade trials, such differences vanished. Thus, it has been suggested that a top-down effect could be dependent on tonic or phasic neuronal activation and that only the tonic frontal activation could enable interferences with other cortical regions involved. In this study, we tested the interference of emotional information with saccadic performance depending on cognitive cost of the task. We used emotional facial expression cues in block and mixed paradigms. Using a generalized linear mixed model for the analysis, we found a main effect of the paradigm, with task and emotional effects only in mixed saccadic task that could suggest a top-down effect of emotional information processing over the regions involved in saccadic performances. Moreover, we demonstrated that prosaccades latencies are significantly reduced by emotion, while antisaccades are significantly increased, suggesting a disinhibition of reflexive saccades.

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Saccadic Performance and Cortical Excitability as Trait-Markers and State-Markers in Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder: A Two-Case Follow-Up Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Eye Movement in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Eye Movement in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review of the Literature

What saccadic eye movements tell us about TMS-induced neuromodulation of the DLPFC and mood changes: a pilot study in bipolar disorders

Mixed saccadic paradigm releases top-down emotional interference in antisaccade and prosaccade trials

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