Saccharomyces boulardii reduces infection intensity of mice with toxocariasis

Ávila, Luciana Farias da Costa de; Conceição, Fabrício Rochedo; Telmo, Paula de Lima; Dutra, Gisele Ferreira; Santos, Diego Gil de los; Martins, Lourdes Helena Rodrigues; Berne, Maria Elisabeth Aires; Silva, Pedro Eduardo Almeida da; Scaini, Carlos James

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.01.002

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…In the search for new alternatives for the control of toxocariasis, study with Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation demonstrated reduction of T. canis larvae in mice 48 h post‐inoculation . It is important to clarify that the time points of 24 and 48 h were selected based on prior study in which S. boulardii action in just 48 h of infection . In the same study, a group of animals was kept receiving probiotic up to 60 days after infection and was observed that the reduction rate was similar to the observed at 48 h. This result suggests that the probiotic action might occur in the first 48 h. The mechanism of action of this probiotic is unknown, what is known so far is that S. boulardii does not exert a direct effect on the parasite larvae .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The use of probiotic microorganisms has revealed the importance of immunomodulation for the prevention and treatment of parasitic disease . In the search for new alternatives for the control of toxocariasis, study with Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation demonstrated reduction of T. canis larvae in mice 48 h post‐inoculation . It is important to clarify that the time points of 24 and 48 h were selected based on prior study in which S. boulardii action in just 48 h of infection .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of IL‐12 and IFNγ by probiotic supplementation promotes protection against Toxocara canis infection in mice

Ávila

Leon

Moura

et al. 2016

Parasite Immunology

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In this study, supplementation with the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii promoted a reduction in intensity of infection by Toxocara canis and modulates cytokines mRNA expression in experimentally infected mice. IL-12 gene transcription had 40-fold increase in S. boulardii supplemented uninfected mice and sevenfold increase in supplemented infected mice comparing with not supplemented group. Regarding IFNγ, similar results were observed, since probiotic supplementation induced approximately 43-fold increase, but only in uninfected mice (P < 0·05). T. canis infection upregulated IL-10 expression while S. boulardii downregulated it and no change was observed for IL-4. Thus, based in these findings; we suggest that one possible mechanism responsible for S. boulardii protection effect against T. canis infection is by the modulation of cytokines expression, especially IL-12.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of IL‐12 and IFNγ by probiotic supplementation promotes protection against Toxocara canis infection in mice

Ávila

Leon

Moura

et al. 2016

Parasite Immunology

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“…Moreover, this probiotic reduced by 41.9% the average number of larvae recovered from the liver1, demonstrating that such a probiotic promoted an important reduction in the intensity of the infection by T. canis larvae. Regarding the probiotic B. cereus var.…”

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confidence: 86%

“…Although several studies have shown the benefit of the use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of diseases, few have been conducted to evaluate the preventive effect on protozoosis10 13 15 and helminthiasis1 2 3. The Saccharomyces boulardii , yeast characterized as anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant in the intestinal mucosa3, is also related to the reduction of parasite burden in mice infected with T. canis 1, although the mechanism of action is unknown. Besides this fungus, the Bacillus cereus var.…”

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PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF THE PROBIOTIC Saccharomyces boulardii IN Toxocara canis INFECTION IS NOT DUE TO DIRECT ACTION ON THE LARVAE

Ávila

Telmo

Martins

et al. 2013

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYIn a previous study our group found that the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii was capable of reducing the intensity of infection in mice with toxocariasis. In order to assess whether the mechanism involved would be a direct action of the probiotic on Toxocara canis larvae, this study was designed. Both probiotics were singly cultivated in plates containing RPMI 1640 medium and T. canis larvae. S. boulardii and B. cereus var. toyoi cultures presented 97.6% and 95.7% of larvae with positive motility, respectively, and absence of color by the dye trypan blue, not representing significant difference to the control group (p > 0.05). We conclude that none of the probiotics showed in vitro effects on T. canis larvae and that the interaction with the intestinal mucosa is necessary for the development of the protective effect of S. boulardii. KEYWORDS:Toxocariasis; Probiotics; Larvicidal action.Visceral toxocariasis is a chronic parasitic disease of worldwide distribution 12 currently regarded as a public health problem 17 . This parasitosis, commonly caused by the nematode Toxocara canis, is characterized by the migration and presence of the parasite larvae in humans. These parasites develop in the intestines of dogs, definitive hosts, that contaminate the soil with the parasite eggs. Humans and other paratenic hosts, such as mice, rats, chickens, lambs, and pigs, among others, acquire toxocariasis by ingesting T. canis eggs containing the infective-stage larvae 9 . The larvae hatch in the small intestine, where they perforate the wall and are disseminated by the systemic circulation 14 .The various clinical forms of human toxocariasis complicate treatment, making necessary the search for new alternatives of control and treatment. Although several studies have shown the benefit of the use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of diseases, few have been conducted to evaluate the preventive effect on protozoosis 10,13,15 and helminthiasis 1,2,3 . The Saccharomyces boulardii, yeast characterized as anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant in the intestinal mucosa 3 , is also related to the reduction of parasite burden in mice infected with T. canis 1 , although the mechanism of action is unknown. Besides this fungus, the Bacillus cereus var. toyoi is a probiotic related to the stimulation of the immune response and promotes animal weight gain 7,8,11 . There is still a gap in the understanding of the mechanism of action of these and other probiotics. In the present study, we evaluated whether there is any larvicidal effect of the probiotics S. boulardii and B. cereus var. toyoi on T. canis larvae in vitro.T. canis eggs were collected directly from the uterine tubes of adult gravid female parasites obtained after the treatment of puppies with pyrantel pamoate (15 mg/kg). Afterwards, the eggs were incubated in 2% formalin solution at 28 °C, with humidity above 90% and oxygenation for 30 days. Then, the extraction of larvae was performed according to DE SAVIGNY (1975). This study was approved by the Ethics Commit...

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Evaluation of the initial and chronic phases of toxocariasis after consumption of liver treated by freezing or cooling

et al. 2013

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Human toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic zoonosis of worldwide distribution. The consumption of raw or undercooked meat and offal from paratenic hosts of the Toxocara canis nematode can cause infection in humans, but there have been a lack of studies examining specific prophylactic measures to combat this mode of transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the establishment of infection by T. canis larvae at the initial and chronic phases of visceral toxocariasis after the consumption of mouse liver subjected to cold treatment. This study was divided into two stages using groups (G) of five donor mice inoculated with 2,000 eggs of T. canis. Two days post-inoculation, the livers of donor mice in G1 and G2 were kept at -20 °C and between 0 and 4 °C, respectively, for 10 days. In the first stage of the study, the livers of mice from G1, G2, and G3 (control) were subjected to a tissue digestion technique and found to be positive for infection. In the second stage, which evaluated infection in mice that had consumed livers from donor mice, receiver mice of G4 and G7 were fed with livers of donor mice from G1 (freezing), receiver mice of G5 and G8 were fed with livers of donor mice from G2 (cooling), and receiver mice of G6 and G9 with livers from G3 (control). Then, the tissue digestion technique was performed for recovering larvae from organs and carcasses of mice, at 2 days (G4, G5, and G6) and 60 days after liver consumption (G7, G8, and G9). It was observed that freezing inhibited the viability of 100 % of the larvae, while cooling promoted 87.7 and 95.7 % reductions in the intensity of infection at 2 and 60 days after liver consumption, respectively. Under the studied conditions, cold treatment shows great potential to help control this parasitosis, both in the initial and chronic phases of toxocariasis.

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Saccharomyces boulardii reduces infection intensity of mice with toxocariasis

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Modulation of IL‐12 and IFNγ by probiotic supplementation promotes protection against Toxocara canis infection in mice

Modulation of IL‐12 and IFNγ by probiotic supplementation promotes protection against Toxocara canis infection in mice

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF THE PROBIOTIC Saccharomyces boulardii IN Toxocara canis INFECTION IS NOT DUE TO DIRECT ACTION ON THE LARVAE

Evaluation of the initial and chronic phases of toxocariasis after consumption of liver treated by freezing or cooling

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