Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits a sporulation-specific temporal pattern of transcript accumulation.

Kaback, David B.; Feldberg, Liron

doi:10.1128/mcb.5.4.751

Cited by 87 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…TDH mRNA levels per cell are indeed severalfold lower in stationary-phase cells compared with vegetative cells (20), but are clearly above background; this is consistent with the finding that GAPDH continues to be synthesized in stationary phase (6). From these studies it cannot be determined, however, if this residual activity is due to all three TDH genes or only a subset.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

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The chromatin structure at the promoter of a glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reflects its functional state.

Pavlović¹,

Hörz²

1988

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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The chromatin structure of TDH3, one of three genes encoding glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was analyzed by nuclease digestion. A large hypersensitive region was found at the TDH3 promoter extending from the RNA initiation site at position -40 to position -560. This hypersensitive domain is nucleosome free and includes all putative cis-acting regulatory DNA elements. It is equally present in cells grown on fermentable as well as nonfermentable carbon sources. In a mutant which lacks the trans-activating protein GCR1 and which as a consequence expresses TDH3 at less than 5% of the wild-type level, the chromatin structure is different. Hypersensitivity between -40 and -370 is lost, due to the deposition of nucleosomes on a stretch that is nucleosome free in wild-type cells. Hypersensitivity is retained, however, further upstream (from -370 to -560). A similarly altered chromatin structure, as in a gcrl mutant, is found in wild-type cells when they approach stationary phase. This is the first evidence for a growth-dependent regulation of the TDH3 promoter.Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoters are composed of multiple sequence elements (for reviews, see references 10-12, 32). The TATA box and the RNA initiation site determine the accuracy of transcription initiation, but for transcription to actually take place, upstream elements are also required. These upstream elements are called upstream activating sequences. They seem to be functionally equivalent to enhancers in higher eucaryotes (12). Through the interaction with regulatory proteins, the upstream elements are also responsible for the regulatory properties of a specific promoter.For some time, our interest has been in the role that the chromatin structure plays in gene regulation. Eucaryotic DNA is normally packaged in chromatin, with the nucleosome being a basic subunit (for reviews, see references 9, 9a, 28, 33, 37). It is composed of 146 base pairs (bp) of DNA wrapped tightly around a histone octamer consisting of two copies each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Functionally important DNA elements have, however, been found to reside in many cases in nucleosome-free regions, which makes these sequences highly susceptible to nucleases used to probe the structure of chromatin. For this reason these regions are usually called hypersensitive sites.We have previously shown that an upstream activating sequence element from the promoter of PHO5, a strongly regulated acid phosphatase gene from S. cerevisiae, is contained within a short hypersensitive region under conditions of PHOS repression (1). The remaining part of the PH05 promoter is organized in positioned nucleosomes under these conditions. Upon PHOS activation, these nucleosomes are removed and the entire promoter turns hypersensitive (2).In an effort to address the question of whether a chromatin transition at a promoter is the cause or the result of gene activation, we extended our analyses to another strong promoter in S. cerevisiae. We chose TDH3, a heavily * Cor...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Our results for the late chromatin pattern are summarized in Fig. 9, and 8,12,20,35,40,60,9,18, and 36 U of micrococcal nuclease per ml, respectively, from left to right. DNA was isolated and hybridized against probe C without prior restriction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

The chromatin structure at the promoter of a glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reflects its functional state.

Pavlović¹,

Hörz²

1988

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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“…This is in contrast to previous screens for meiotically induced genes, in which the vast majority of genes identified were found to confer no meiotic phenotype when disrupted (Kaback and Feldberg 1985;Percival-Smith and Segall 1986;Law and Segall 1988;Briza et al 1990;Bishop et al 1992). Perhaps our ability to identify genes expressed at very low levels accounts for this difference.…”

Section: Meiosis-induced Genescontrasting

confidence: 52%

Large-scale analysis of gene expression, protein localization, and gene disruption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Burns¹,

Grimwade²,

et al. 1994

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We have developed a large-scale screen to identify genes expressed at different times during the life cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to determine the subcellular locations of many of the encoded gene products. Diploid yeast strains containing random lacZ insertions throughout the genome have been constructed by transformation with a mutagenized genomic library. Twenty-eight hundred transformants containing fusion genes expressed during vegetative growth and 55 transformants containing meiotically induced fusion genes have been identified. Based on the frequency of transformed strains producing 13-galactosidase, we estimate that 80-86% of the yeast genome (excluding the rDNA) contains open reading frames expressed in vegetative cells and that there are 93-135 meiotically induced genes. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of 2373 strains carrying fusion genes expressed in vegetative cells has identified 245 fusion proteins that localize to discrete locations in the cell, including the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic dots, spindle pole body, and microtubules. The DNA sequence adjacent to the lacZ gene has been determined for 91 vegetative fusion genes whose products have been localized and for 43 meiotically induced fusions. Although most fusions represent genes unidentified previously, many correspond to known genes, including some whose expression has not been studied previously and whose products have not been localized. For example, Sec21-13-gal fusion proteins yield a Golgi-like staining pattern, Tyl-13-gal fusion proteins localize to cytoplasmic dots, and the meiosis-specific Mekl/Mre4-13-gal and Spol 1-13-gal fusion proteins reside in the nucleus. The phenotypes in haploid cells have been analyzed for 59 strains containing chromosomal fusion genes expressed during vegetative growth; 9 strains fail to form colonies indicating that the disrupted genes are essential. Fifteen additional strains display slow growth or are impaired for growth on specific media or in the presence of inhibitors. Of 39 meiotically induced fusion genes examined, 14 disruptions confer defects in spore formation or spore viability in homozygous diploids. Our results will allow researchers who identify a yeast gene to determine immediately whether that gene is expressed at a specific time during the life cycle and whether its gene product localizes to a specific subcellular location.

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“…SPR3 and SPR28 encode sporulation-specific septins most closely related to CDC12 and CDC11, respectively, that are induced as middle genes (Holaway et al 1987;Ozsarac et al 1995;De Virgilio et al 1996;Fares et al 1996). Interestingly, the vegetative septins CDC3 and CDC10 are also transcriptionally upregulated during sporulation, while CDC12, CDC11, and SHS1 are not (Kaback and Feldberg 1985;. Thus, Spr3 and Spr28 likely replace Cdc12 and Cdc11 in the…”

Section: Membrane-cytoskeletal Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporulation in the Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2011

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In response to nitrogen starvation in the presence of a poor carbon source, diploid cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergo meiosis and package the haploid nuclei produced in meiosis into spores. The formation of spores requires an unusual cell division event in which daughter cells are formed within the cytoplasm of the mother cell. This process involves the de novo generation of two different cellular structures: novel membrane compartments within the cell cytoplasm that give rise to the spore plasma membrane and an extensive spore wall that protects the spore from environmental insults. This article summarizes what is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling spore assembly with particular attention to how constitutive cellular functions are modified to create novel behaviors during this developmental process. Key regulatory points on the sporulation pathway are also discussed as well as the possible role of sporulation in the natural ecology of S. cerevisiae. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract 737Introduction 738

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits a sporulation-specific temporal pattern of transcript accumulation.

Cited by 87 publications

References 46 publications

The chromatin structure at the promoter of a glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reflects its functional state.

The chromatin structure at the promoter of a glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reflects its functional state.

Large-scale analysis of gene expression, protein localization, and gene disruption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Sporulation in the Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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