Saccharomyces cerevisiae – Insects Association: Impacts, Biogeography, and Extent

Meriggi, Niccolò; Paola, Monica Di; Cavalieri, Duccio; Stefanini, Irene

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01629

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been identified in the gut or on the body of several insect species all over the world. However, its prevalence in insects of the same species has been found to vary between locations, even though latent factors responsible for such variations have never been clearly identified [ 94 ]. Fungal communities associated with the Asian tiger mosquito ( Ae.…”

Section: Diversity Of Yeast Communities Associated With Insects and Variation Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following are available online at , Table S1: Overview of the yeast species detected in insects according to their stage of development [ 6 , 13 , 26 , 30 , 39 , 43 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 71 , 72 , 74 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 91 , 92 , 94 , 98 , 104 , 120 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , ...…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diversity and Functions of Yeast Communities Associated with Insects

et al. 2021

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Following the concept of the holobiont, insect-microbiota interactions play an important role in insect biology. Many examples of host-associated microorganisms have been reported to drastically influence insect biological processes such as development, physiology, nutrition, survival, immunity, or even vector competence. While a huge number of studies on insect-associated microbiota have focused on bacteria, other microbial partners including fungi have been comparatively neglected. Yeasts, which establish mostly commensal or symbiotic relationships with their host, can dominate the mycobiota of certain insects. This review presents key advances and progress in the research field highlighting the diversity of yeast communities associated with insects, as well as their impact on insect life-history traits, immunity, and behavior.

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Section: Diversity Of Yeast Communities Associated With Insects and Variation Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Diversity and Functions of Yeast Communities Associated with Insects

et al. 2021

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“…Treatments connected by line are statistically significant (p < 0.05) after adjusting for multiple testing. Pairwise testing was conducted using pairwise contrast option in generalized linear mixed model application available in SPSS 25 Meriggi et al, 2020;Reuter et al, 2007;Stefanini et al, 2012Stefanini et al, , 2016. Unlike the vegetative yeast cells, the sexual yeast spores survive passage through the gut of insects (Reuter et al, 2007).…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Scent of a killer: How could killer yeast boost its dispersal?

Buser

Jokela

Martin

2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Vector‐borne parasites often manipulate hosts to attract uninfected vectors. For example, parasites causing malaria alter host odor to attract mosquitoes. Here, we discuss the ecology and evolution of fruit‐colonizing yeast in a tripartite symbiosis—the so‐called “killer yeast” system. “Killer yeast” consists of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast hosting two double‐stranded RNA viruses (M satellite dsRNAs, L‐A dsRNA helper virus). When both dsRNA viruses occur in a yeast cell, the yeast converts to lethal toxin‑producing “killer yeast” phenotype that kills uninfected yeasts. Yeasts on ephemeral fruits attract insect vectors to colonize new habitats. As the viruses have no extracellular stage, they depend on the same insect vectors as yeast for their dispersal. Viruses also benefit from yeast dispersal as this promotes yeast to reproduce sexually, which is how viruses can transmit to uninfected yeast strains. We tested whether insect vectors are more attracted to killer yeasts than to non‑killer yeasts. In our field experiment, we found that killer yeasts were more attractive to Drosophila than non‐killer yeasts. This suggests that vectors foraging on yeast are more likely to transmit yeast with a killer phenotype, allowing the viruses to colonize those uninfected yeast strains that engage in sexual reproduction with the killer yeast. Beyond insights into the basic ecology of the killer yeast system, our results suggest that viruses could increase transmission success by manipulating the insect vectors of their host.

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“…Several esters have been shown to function as sex pheromones in fruit flies and other insects. A reasonable assumption is that yeast use these molecules to attract fruit flies and hitch a ride when the latter move from one source of natural fermentable sugar to another (81,128).…”

Section: Birds Of a Feathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Provocation: all yeast cells are born equal, but some grow to be more equal than others

Boulton¹

2021

J. Inst. Brew.

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Yeast is central to the brewing process and as such deserves great care and attention to ensure it is fit‐for‐purpose. It is widely accepted that assessment based on simple viability testing is useful but far too blunt an instrument to give much useful information regarding the physiological state of the live yeast cells within the population. The need to address this issue has spawned a plethora of procedures collectively termed ‘vitality tests’. The concept of yeast vitality is nebulous, and this goes some way to explain why no single test has been universally adopted. There is, however, another major flaw in the underlying assumptions of the majority of vitality tests. This is, most are based on bulk samples which ignore heterogeneities within the population of cells being examined. The asymmetric mode of proliferation of Saccharomyces yeasts means that mother and daughter cells are always unequal. Individual cells have finite lifespans, old cells die and must be replaced with new fitter progeny. We are fortunate in that budding yeasts are widely used as a model cell for studies into ageing in higher eukaryotes and as a result there is a huge and ever‐expanding body of literature devoted to this subject. This has shown that yeast populations comprise several distinct sub‐populations which respond differently to external messengers. These messengers may be generated by one sub‐set of the population and received and acted upon by another indicating a degree of cooperation designed to ensure survival of the whole. Death of individuals within populations can be as a result of the application of lethal external stresses but more usually is a programmed process in which targeted cells commit suicide in an expression of altruism for the greater good of the whole. On reflection, perhaps this is unexpected but perfectly logical behaviour for single celled organisms to adopt. Most yeast population studies have been performed using haploid laboratory strains cultivated under relatively defined conditions. The industrial scale model is, of course, far removed from this. Brewing yeast strains are very different, and the complexities of serial fermentations and associated yeast handling processes introduce added layers of complexity. Nevertheless, there is every reason to believe that similar population heterogeneities and cooperative behaviour exist within the context of brewing. The thrust of the arguments presented in this article is that we should embrace this and consider individual cells within yeast populations within a fermenter, for example, as being individual free‐living components of a multicellular organism. Further, intercellular cooperation is managed by a network of messenger molecules many of which are likely to trigger the global shifts associated in metabolic activities which accompany the reversible passage from growth to quiescence and which coincidentally are likely to be of importance in beer flavour. The purpose of this article is to argue that the majority of current yeast vitality tests are not fit...

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae – Insects Association: Impacts, Biogeography, and Extent

Cited by 21 publications

References 108 publications

Diversity and Functions of Yeast Communities Associated with Insects

Diversity and Functions of Yeast Communities Associated with Insects

Scent of a killer: How could killer yeast boost its dispersal?

Provocation: all yeast cells are born equal, but some grow to be more equal than others

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