Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sepsis Following Probiotic Therapy in an Infant

Chakravarty, Sanchari; Parashar, Archana; Acharyya, Saugata

doi:10.1007/s13312-019-1655-7

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Probiotics were administered as enteral supplementation in all cases: orally or via a nasogastric tube or through gastrostomy, according to patients' clinical conditions. In most reports, the etiological agents were identified both by blood cultures and strain-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (61%) [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]35,42,[50][51][52][53][54]56,58,59,62]; in 17 cases (34%), causative microorganisms were isolated from cultures [27,[37][38][39][40][41][43][44][45]48,55,57,60,61], and in 3 of these (6%), the causative microorganisms were isolated both from blood culture and from central venous catheter (CVC) tip culture [46,47,49]. The pathogen was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture in the patient with pneumonia and confirmed with PCR analysis [36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Infections Associated with the Use of Probiotics in Children: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Although the effectiveness of probiotics has only been proven in specific conditions, their use in children is massively widespread because of their perception as harmless products. Recent evidence raises concerns about probiotics’ safety, especially but not only in the paediatric population due to severe opportunistic infections after their use. This review aimed at summarising available case reports on invasive infections related to probiotics’ use in children. For this purpose, we assessed three electronic databases to identify papers describing paediatric patients with documented probiotic-derived invasive infections, with no language restrictions. A total of 49 case reports from 1995 to June 2021 were identified. The infections were caused by Lactobacillus spp. (35%), Saccharomyces spp. (29%), Bifidobacterium spp. (31%), Bacillus clausii (4%), and Escherichia coli (2%). Most (80%) patients were younger than 2 years old and sepsis was the most observed condition (69.4%). All the patients except one had at least one condition facilitating the development of invasive infection, with prematurity (55%) and intravenous catheter use (51%) being the most frequent. Three (6%) children died. Given the large use of probiotics, further studies aiming at evaluating the real incidence of probiotic-associated systemic infections are warranted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Infections Associated with the Use of Probiotics in Children: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, yeast probiotics are contraindicated for patients with such serious health conditions. Despite these findings, in many cases these products are administered intentionally or unintentionally to patients with severe health conditions [ 14 , 15 ]. For instance, S. ‘boulardii’ probiotics are applied most of the time in the presence of gastrointestinal dysbiosis, a condition that itself carries a risk of impaired barrier function embedding for additional infections [ 69 , 70 , 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infections with the probiotic yeast, as in the case of all probiotics, occur mainly among immunocompromised or severely ill/hospitalized patients, infants, and elderly people. In recent years a growing number of such cases were reported in clinical case reports e.g., [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Currently no precise data are available on the frequency of these infections, largely due to the earlier lack of clinically applicable subtyping methods that can reliably connect a yeast infection to the S. ‘boulardii’ probiotic products itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Factors and in-Host Selection on Phenotypes in Infectious Probiotic Yeast Isolates (Saccharomyces ‘boulardii’)

Imre

Kovács

Pázmándi

et al. 2021

JoF

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Saccharomyces yeast probiotics (S. ’boulardii’) have long been applied in the treatment of several gastrointestinal conditions. Despite their widespread use, they are rare opportunistic pathogens responsible for a high proportion of Saccharomyces mycosis cases. The potential virulence attributes of S. ’boulardii’ as well as its interactions with the human immune system have been studied, however, no information is available on how these yeasts may change due to in-host evolution. To fill this gap, we compared the general phenotypic characteristics, cell morphology, virulence factors, epithelial and immunological interactions, and pathogenicity of four probiotic product samples, two mycosis, and eight non-mycosis samples of S. ’boulardii’. We assessed the characteristics related to major steps of yeast infections. Mycosis and non-mycosis isolates both displayed novel characters when compared to the product isolates, but in the case of most virulence factors and in pathogenicity, differences were negligible or, surprisingly, the yeasts from products showed elevated levels. No isolates inflicted considerable damage to the epithelial model or bore the hallmarks of immune evasion. Our results show that strains in probiotic products possess characteristics that enable them to act as pathogens upon permissive conditions, and their entry into the bloodstream is not due to active mechanisms but depends on the host. Survival in the host is dependent on yeast phenotypic characteristics which may change in many ways once they start evolving in the host. These facts call attention to the shortcomings of virulence phenotyping in yeast research, and the need for a more thorough assessment of probiotic use.

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“…Some probiotic strains also seem able to modify inflammatory processes of an allergic nature, according to the observations of studies, even in the medium-term [ 34 , 35 ]. Furthermore, recently, beneficial effects have been highlighted on the use of probiotics, also and especially in immunocompromised patients [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Regarding COVID-19, experience with other viral strains, such as influenza, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus, has led some to conclude that probiotic supplementation can be considered for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Probiotics and Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceuticals in the Prevention of Viral Infections, including COVID-19, among the Pediatric Population: A Review of the Literature

Parisi

Carota

Castracani

et al. 2021

IJMS

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In recent years, there has been a growth in scientific interest in nutraceuticals, which are those nutrients in foods that have beneficial effects on health. Nutraceuticals can be extracted, used for food supplements, or added to foods. There has long been interest in the antiviral properties of nutraceuticals, which are especially topical in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the main nutraceuticals to which antiviral roles have been attributed (either by direct action on viruses or by modulating the immune system), with a focus on the pediatric population. Furthermore, the possible applications of these substances against SARS-CoV-2 will be considered.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sepsis Following Probiotic Therapy in an Infant

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Invasive Infections Associated with the Use of Probiotics in Children: A Systematic Review

Invasive Infections Associated with the Use of Probiotics in Children: A Systematic Review

Virulence Factors and in-Host Selection on Phenotypes in Infectious Probiotic Yeast Isolates (Saccharomyces ‘boulardii’)

Nutraceuticals in the Prevention of Viral Infections, including COVID-19, among the Pediatric Population: A Review of the Literature

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