Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(2):183-187, fevereiro 2012 183 RESUMO.-Entre as espécies de roedores já estudadas podemos destacar a grande variação na morfologia do aparelho reprodutor masculino. Assim, considerando a importância ecológica dos roedores, e a grande representatividade numérica quanto geográϐica destes animais, bem como a escassez que aborda a anatomia reprodutiva, desenvolvemos este trabalho com um roedor histricomorfo da América do Sul, a viscacha. Este animal apresenta algumas característi-cas reprodutivas bem peculiares, desta forma descreveremos a anatomia macroscópica da musculatura perineal, e o papel dos músculos no comportamento copulatório desForma e função dos músculos perineais da viscacha (Lagostomus maximus) 1 Naira C.G. Among the rodent species studied we can highlight the wide variation in the morphology of the male reproductive system. Thus, considering the ecological importance of rodents, and the large number and geographical representation of this animal, as well as shortages regarding the reproductive anatomy, we developed this study with viscacha, a South American histricomorph rodent. As this species has some very peculiar reproductive features, we described the gross anatomy of the perineal muscles and the role of copulatory behavior. The perineal region of viscacha is composed of ϐive muscles, three of which are arranged in the superϐicial genitourinary diaphragm, as Musculus ischiocavernosus, M. bulbocavernosus and M. bulbospongiosus, and the muscles that lie at the pelvic diaphragm, M. levator ani and M. retractor penis. Therefore, we emphasize that the study of the pelvic ϐloor in wild animals is of great value, then contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms related to erection and ejaculation or collaborate with studies on the reproduction of animals.