SAEP: Secure and Accurate and Energy-Efficient Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

We have developed a secure, accurate and energy-efficient time synchronization protocol (SAEP). First, SAEP achieves accurate time synchronization service with significantly reducing the number of message exchanges. Second, SAEP safeguards Byzantine failure, in which nodes drop, modify, or delay time information in an attempt to disrupt the time synchronization service in multi-hop networks. SAEP takes a distributed approach where each sensor independently makes decisions based only on the information collected from multiple adjacent nodes, thus achieving a high level of resistance to various attacks at a minimizing energy cost. In our experiment SAEP outperforms the existing time synchronization protocol in accuracy, energy consumption, and it is even resilient to multiple capture attacks.

Implantable Devices: Issues and Challenges

“…While employment of simulators and testbeds facilitate the advancement, debugging, and spatio-temporal analyses of the sensor networks, e.g., determining the power consumption, these tools are unable to fully account for the complexity of radio channel characteristics, environmental stimuli, node mobility, and hardware failures of a real life network [119][120][121][122]. Several passive external tools capable of observing, recording and reconstructing of critical aspects of complex sensor networks in situ have been proposed, including LiveNet developed by scientists at Harvard University [119,123].…”