Safe and flexible chitosan‐based polymer gel as an electrolyte for use in zinc‐alkaline based chemistries

Poosapati, Aswani; Negrete, Karla; Thorpe, Micah; Hutchison, John; Zupan, Marc; Lan, Yucheng; Madan, Deepa

doi:10.1002/app.50813

Cited by 17 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Chitosan–PVA {CP} films were prepared using a previously reported stage-wise preparation technique . Briefly, chitosan and PVA powders were initially made solution-processable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decent performances of polymer electrolytes such as PEO, , PEG, PVDF, PVA, ,− PC, , EC, , PAA, , PEGDE, gelatin, − etc., were already reported, but most preparation processes were complex and energy-intensive. − ,− Additionally, high interfacial resistances due to poor solubility of salts and poor adhesion between layers, limited flexibility, and lower performance efficiencies at lower temperatures due to their crystalline nature were observed. , Another interesting observation made was that most polymers researched upon and tested in varied battery chemistries were mostly synthetic, which are widely known for their very slow degradation rate leading to the unintended environmental waste footprint. , Previously, we have reported decently performing biodegradable alkaline electrolytes using nanofiber cellulose hydrogel and chitosan with additives. ,, This study devises a further enhanced chitosan-based polymer gel electrolyte with various additives using our previously optimized gel–polymer preparation technique and also includes its incorporation in Zn-EMD systems to test its compatibility and performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Chitosan with PVA {CP} was chosen as the base polymer here among the previously prepared biodegradable polymers due to its good solvent retention capacity, flexibility, high-temperature stability, eco-friendliness, ease of preparation, amorphicity, and self-gelatinous nature. These attributes facilitate enhanced film preparation and high ionic conductivity (∼6.95 mS/cm). , Ion incorporation into the CP sample was performed by allowing it to swell in varying molar concentrations of the alkaline solution for varied times. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) was specifically chosen among the various commonly used (NaOH, KOH, LiOH, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potassium hydroxide (KOH) was specifically chosen among the various commonly used (NaOH, KOH, LiOH, etc.) alkaline mediums in rechargeable zinc batteries due to the higher ionic molar conductivity of K + (73.5 S cm 2 /equiv), its high solubility, fast electrochemical kinetics, and proven ability to increase ionic conductivities. ,,,,,,, A highest ionic conductivity of 457.19 mS/cm was obtained for CP films with 156–218 μm thickness soaked in a 5 M KOH solution for 45 min. This best-performing chitosan polymer electrolyte was chosen for testing in an in-house-prepared and assembled Zn-based battery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rechargeable Zinc-Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD) Battery with a Flexible Chitosan-Alkaline Electrolyte

Poosapati

Vadnala

Negrete

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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A high-performing flexible chitosan-based gel electrolyte with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) additive was prepared and swelled in varying concentrations of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solutions. A highest ionic conductivity of 457 mS/cm was recorded for the sample with a 2.1 swelling ratio, obtained by soaking in a 5 M KOH solution for 45 min. Stability test results demonstrated the prepared electrolyte to be strong and ductile along with stability under 50 °C and 2 V. Zn-EMD batteries were constructed with the prepared electrolyte using an optimized assembly technique employed to achieve good interfacial contact between the layers. Continuous charge–discharge tests were performed on the batteries at a current density of 0.1 A/g in specific limited and extended potential regions (low: 0.4–1.2 V and high: 0.4–1.6 V) to explore their performance and reversibility. Results indicated that the batteries cycled in the low region had higher capacity retention due to lower δ-MnO2 formations when compared to those in the high region cycling. To fully understand its performance capability, the battery was further tested extensively. Results indicated a good rate and initial bending performance of the battery with a maximum specific capacity of 310 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g. Additionally, the battery tested at 0.5 A/g showed an average specific capacity of 175 mAh/g over 300 cycles with a 96.5% Coulombic efficiency. Attaining energy densities between 150.4 and 252.4 Wh/kg (w.r.t. active cathode mass) is possible for these batteries, thus encouraging their use in varied applications. Utilizing chitosan gel electrolyte and limited voltage window testing, the prepared Zn-EMD alkaline batteries are among the first reported polymer-based alkaline electrolyte Zn rechargeable batteries with no cathode additives.

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“…Chitosan–PVA {CP} films were prepared using a previously reported stage-wise preparation technique . Briefly, chitosan and PVA powders were initially made solution-processable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Rechargeable Zinc-Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD) Battery with a Flexible Chitosan-Alkaline Electrolyte

Poosapati

Vadnala

Negrete

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…ZnIBs have attracted quite a lot of attention from the research fraternity due to its sustainable, inexpensive and inherent safety offered by it, making them promising candidates in the upcoming applications for flexible gadgets [107] . In‐spite of that, ZnIBs are deficient of a stable and long‐lasting flexible electrolyte in order to withstand the harsh conditions during everyday use [108] .…”

Section: Applications In Esdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancements on Biopolymer‐ Based Flexible Electrolytes for Next‐Gen Supercaps and Batteries: A Brief Sketch

Raghavan

Ghosh

2021

ChemistrySelect

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With a huge upsurge in the energy requirements all over the world, development of energy storage devices with high safety standards without compromising the ecological aspects has become the need of the hour, that propelled the scientific community to search for alternative yet promising sources of energy that would prevent the exhaustion of natural resources. Numerous attempts have been undertaken to utilize the renewable biopolymers in the evolution of solid‐ state electrolytes, as a substitute for liquid electrolytes which are prone to cause leakage leading to hazardous accidents. Despite strenuous efforts, it is still challenging to strike a right balance between the biopolymer elements and the conducting additives. In this review, we aim to lay out a recap on the progress achieved in recent times by employing biopolymers as electrolyte components and its future prospects, that would assist the researchers across the globe to inch one step closer in their quest to find the best electrolyte system for flexible electronics.

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Failure Mechanisms and Strategies Toward Flexible Zinc‐Air Batteries

Wang,

Kang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Flexible zinc‐air batteries (FZABs) have emerged as a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries in flexible electronic devices due to the advantages of excellent mechanical properties, high energy density, and notable safety. However, the unclear causes of performance degradation and failure mechanisms of FZABs significantly impede their commercialization. Therefore, extensive research is needed to fully reveal the factors and mechanisms responsible for the performance decline of FZABs. In this review, the failure mechanisms of FZABs' key components, including the Zn anode, solid electrolyte, catalyst air cathode, and electrolyte/electrode interface are analyzed and discussed. To promote further research and development of FZABs, a series of challenges and corresponding strategies are summarized and analyzed. Finally, the future development of FZABs is envisioned. This paper aims to comprehensively elucidate the failure mechanisms of FZABs, guide the development of high‐performance FZABs, and thus promote their commercialization.

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Safe and flexible chitosan‐based polymer gel as an electrolyte for use in zinc‐alkaline based chemistries

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Rechargeable Zinc-Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD) Battery with a Flexible Chitosan-Alkaline Electrolyte

Rechargeable Zinc-Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD) Battery with a Flexible Chitosan-Alkaline Electrolyte

Recent Advancements on Biopolymer‐ Based Flexible Electrolytes for Next‐Gen Supercaps and Batteries: A Brief Sketch

Failure Mechanisms and Strategies Toward Flexible Zinc‐Air Batteries

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