“…An immediate response was recorded on March 9, 2020, when global stock markets plunged to levels comparable to those seen after Lehman Brothers' collapse in 2008known as the global financial crisis (hereinafter GFC) (Baker et al, 2020). While some researchers study various dimensions of the COVID-19 pandemic Cheema et al, 2020;Corbet et al, 2020aCorbet et al, , 2020bSharif et al, 2020), others have begun comparing the pandemic and the GFC with specific objectives (Colombo & Lazzari, 2020;Gunay, 2021;Kinateder et al, 2021). Goodell (2020) and Yarovaya et al (2020), for instance, compare the social and economic costs of the quarantine measures with the costs of the GFC.…”