Safe operation of mini UAVs: a review of regulation and best practices

Sanz, David; Valente, João; Cerro, Jaime del; Colorado, Julián; Barrientos, Antonio

doi:10.1080/01691864.2015.1051111

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For this reason, safety should be considered as a core requirement in every system or application design, and even more for systems that can provoke great damages [10]. Thus, without a clear understanding of potential risks of usage of these drones, the public use of civilian drones will not be possible at an acceptable safety level.…”

Section: Arxiv:190409432v1 [Csro] 20 Apr 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different strategies have been proposed with respect to the safety assessment of UAVs, i.e. assessing the risk of an undesired event in a system, using both quantitative [19], [20] and qualitative [10], [21]- [24] approaches. For instance, the FAA developed a pre-flight assessment process in which the Safety Management System (SMS) 5 was adopted to identify the risks and the risk mitigation strategies to ensure that no safety hazards will occur during the UAV mission.…”

Section: A Problem Statement and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, the safety of drones operations must be ensured, as part of non-functional properties of the system [9]. Safety can be defined as a "state in which the system is not in danger or at risk, free of injuries or losses" [10]. Because nothing is totally safe and there is no situation where no risk can occur, safety is also defined as the absence of unacceptable risks [11], [12].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Analysis and Safety Assessment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Missions Over the Internet

et al. 2019

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In the last few years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are making a revolution as an emerging technology with many different applications in the military, civilian, and commercial fields. The advent of autonomous drones has initiated serious challenges, including how to maintain their safe operation during their missions. The safe operation of UAVs remains an open and sensitive issue, since any unexpected behavior of the drone or any hazard would lead to potential risks that might be very severe. The motivation behind this work is to propose a methodology for the safety assurance of drones over the Internet (Internet of drones (IoD)). Two approaches will be used in performing the safety analysis: (1) a qualitative safety analysis approach, and (2) a quantitative safety analysis approach. The first approach uses the international safety standards, namely ISO 12100 and ISO 13849 to assess the safety of drone's missions by focusing on qualitative assessment techniques. The methodology starts from hazard identification, risk assessment, risk mitigation, and finally draws the safety recommendations associated with a drone delivery use case. The second approach presents a method for the quantitative safety assessment using Bayesian Networks (BN) for probabilistic modeling. BN utilizes the information provided by the first approach to model the safety risks related to UAVs' flights. An illustrative UAV crash scenario is presented as a case study, followed by a scenario analysis, to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. These two analyses, qualitative and quantitative, enable all involved stakeholders to detect, explore and address the risks of UAV flights, which will help the industry to better manage the safety concerns of UAVs.

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Section: Arxiv:190409432v1 [Csro] 20 Apr 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Problem Statement and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Analysis and Safety Assessment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Missions Over the Internet

et al. 2019

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“…The problem of accurately landing using vision-based control has been well studied. For a detailed survey about autonomously landing, please refer to [21][22][23]. Here, only a small amount of works is presented.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision-Based Autonomous Landing of a Quadrotor on the Perturbed Deck of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle

Polvara

Sharma

Wan

et al. 2018

Drones

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Autonomous landing on the deck of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) is still a major challenge for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In this paper, a fiducial marker is located on the platform so as to facilitate the task since it is possible to retrieve its six-degrees of freedom relative-pose in an easy way. To compensate interruption in the marker's observations, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) estimates the current USV's position with reference to the last known position. Validation experiments have been performed in a simulated environment under various marine conditions. The results confirmed that the EKF provides estimates accurate enough to direct the UAV in proximity of the autonomous vessel such that the marker becomes visible again. Using only the odometry and the inertial measurements for the estimation, this method is found to be applicable even under adverse weather conditions in the absence of the global positioning system.

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“…Many studies have included the benefits of using drones in construction; however, research identifying the concealed risks associated with their utilization is scarce (14,15). Currently, UAVs are extensively used in construction and their popularity is expected to increase exponentially.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing Safety Risks of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Construction

Namian

Khalid

Wang

et al. 2021

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained their prevalent recognition in construction because of their exceptional advantages. Despite the increasing use of UAVs in the industry and their remarkable benefits, there are serious potential safety risks associated that have been overlooked. Construction is one of the most hazardous industries in the United States. In addition to the ordinary hazards normally present in dynamic construction workplaces, UAVs can expose workers to a wider range of never-before-seen safety risks that must be recognized and controlled. The industry is not equipped with safety measures to prevent potential accidents, because of scarce research on drone-associated hazards and risks. The aim of this research was to (1) identify the UAV-associated hazards in construction that may expose personnel and property to potential harms, and (2) study the relative impact of each hazard and the associated safety risks. In Phase I, the researchers conducted an extensive literature review and consulted with a construction UAV expert. In Phase II, the researchers obtained data from 54 construction experts validating and evaluating the identified hazards and risks. The results revealed that adopting UAVs can expose construction projects to a variety of hazards that the industry is not familiar with. “Collision with properties,”“collision with humans,” and “distraction” were identified as the top three safety risks. Moreover, the study introduces effective strategies, such as having qualified crew members, proper drone model selection, and drone maintenance, to mitigate the safety risks. Finally, a post-hoc case study was investigated and presented in this article.

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Safe operation of mini UAVs: a review of regulation and best practices

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Analysis and Safety Assessment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Missions Over the Internet

Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Analysis and Safety Assessment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Missions Over the Internet

Vision-Based Autonomous Landing of a Quadrotor on the Perturbed Deck of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle

Revealing Safety Risks of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Construction

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