Safeguarding cultural heritage from climate change related hydrometeorological hazards in Central Europe

Bonazza, Alessandra; Sardella, Alessandro; Kaiser, Anna; Cacciotti, Riccardo; Nuntiis, Paola De; Hanus, Christian; Maxwell, Ingval; Drdácký, Tomáš; Drdácký, Miloš

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102455

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Hydrometeorological extreme events linked to man-made climate change represent an additional risk to heritage (Sardella et al, 2020). According to Bonazza et al (2021), a general increase in lengthy periods (e.g. 5 days) of heavy precipitation in the future, under RCP8.5 scenario, is associated with a high likelihood of flooding risk at cultural sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change threats to cultural and natural heritage UNESCO sites in the Mediterranean

Kapsomenakis

Douvis

Poupkou

et al. 2022

Environ Dev Sustain

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The study presents a time-dependent analysis of threats from man-made climate change at 244 UNESCO cultural and natural heritage sites in the Mediterranean. The hazards in our research are estimated by indices based on extremes of heat, fire weather conditions, heavy rainfall days, frost days, changes in mean sea level and aridity at each site. These indices were calculated from regional EUROCORDEX simulations, cover the period 1971–2100 and refer to two IPCC emission scenarios, namely RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. A combined threat index was next calculated, as explained in the text, together with its synergy with local exposure geophysical threats, such as seismicity, topography and proximity to forests and seas. All indices related to man-made climate change show an overall increasing trend from present to the end of the twenty-first century. Some of these increasing trends are intensified after the 2030s and 2040s, except for the case of the days with frost. As the global warming evolves, in both IPCC scenarios studied, the combined threat to the majority of UNESCO sites studied increases. Notable is the amplification of the threat at sites vulnerable to seismic activity and to other local or regional topography and geophysical regional characteristics. Our conclusion is that the majority of heritage sites in the Mediterranean are vulnerable to an increasing rate of threats from man-made global warming and extreme events. Seismic activity is magnifying these threats only at the sites in which that additional hazard applies. Based on the proposed combined threat index, for the worst-case scenario (RCP8.5) 35 monument sites fall within the “high hazard” and 12 sites fall under the category “extreme hazard”.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change threats to cultural and natural heritage UNESCO sites in the Mediterranean

Kapsomenakis

Douvis

Poupkou

et al. 2022

Environ Dev Sustain

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“…This monitoring should rely on the integration of data from remote sensing and in situ measurements, along with climate modelling outputs. Such an integrated approach is a prerequisite for decreasing the vulnerability of cultural heritage in all steps of the risk management cycle: prevention/preparedness, emergency and recovery [13][14][15]. Among the many sources of data available, Europe has been delivering a series of free and open satellite-derived data and modelling information through the Copernicus program, linking the implementation of different policies of the Union to the use of such resources [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copernicus in Support of Monitoring, Protection, and Management of Cultural and Natural Heritage

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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The current Copernicus evolution aims to meet horizontal users’ needs in order to widen uptake of the Copernicus monitoring products by non-traditional users. In 2019, the European Commission initiated a coordinated action to evaluate the current and potential uptakes of Copernicus products, and for the monitoring and protection of European Cultural and Natural Heritage in a future climate change scenario. An interaction matrix was developed, circulated to and fulfilled by users in order to collect their needs and identify the main gaps in terms of monitoring data and information. The results show what users require from Copernicus to face the daily challenges of preserving and protecting CH features. Moreover, the interaction with users identified a data and information access model that best maximizes uptake by the users. The present work illustrates the user requirement coordination mechanism adopted by the European Copernicus Cultural Heritage Task Force; synthesises the results achieved in terms of gap analysis; and assesses the current and potential uptake of Copernicus data, services, and products in support of the monitoring and protection of European cultural heritage. It also provides recommendation about the implementation of infrastructural solutions to improve Copernicus services data and information access by cultural heritage users.

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“…In the long term, minimising the risk of loss of cultural elements requires articulated decision-making and management strategies. From this theoretical framework, different methodological proposals have emerged that analyse dangerous scenarios in heritage contexts using Risk Index and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) (Bonazza et al, 2021;Ferreira and Santos, 2020;Figueiredo et al, 2021;Sabbioni et al, 2010;Sesana et al, 2020;Canivell et al, 2020;Guti errez-Carrillo et al, 2020). Within these proposals, the Art-Risk model, which have received the Europa Nostra 2021 award for heritage conservation research, include multilevel systems that are based on very simple work tools to collect data in situ, and then overlay increasingly complete and complex proposals for the analysis of vulnerability, hazards and risks (Cagigas-Muñiz et al, 2018;Ortiz et al, 2018;Prieto et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introducci Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing to assess the risk for cultural heritage: forecasting potential collapses due to rainfall in historic fortifications

Moreno

Ortiz

2022

IJBPA

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PurposeHeavy rainfall is one of the main causes of the degradation of historic rammed Earth architecture. For this reason, ensuring the conservation thereof entails understanding the factors involved in these risk situations. The purpose of this study is to research three past events in which rainfall caused damage and collapse to historic rammed Earth fortifications in Andalusia in order to analyse whether it is possible to prevent similar situations from occurring in the future.Design/methodology/approachThe three case studies analysed are located in the south of Spain and occurred between 2017 and 2021. The hazard presented by rainfall within this context has been obtained from Art-Risk 3.0 (Registration No. 201999906530090). The vulnerability of the structures has been assessed with the Art-Risk 1 model. To characterise the strength, duration, and intensity of precipitation events, a workflow for the statistical use of GPM and GSMaP satellite resources has been designed, validated, and tested. The strength of the winds has been evaluated from data from ground-based weather stations.FindingsGSMaP precipitation data is very similar to data from ground-based weather stations. Regarding the three risk events analysed, although they occurred in areas with a torrential rainfall hazard, the damage was caused by non-intense rainfall that did not exceed 5 mm/hour. The continuation of the rainfall for several days and the poor state of conservation of the walls seem to be the factors that triggered the collapses that fundamentally affected the restoration mortars.Originality/valueA workflow applied to vulnerability and hazard analysis is presented, which validates the large-scale use of satellite images for past and present monitoring of heritage structure risk situations due to rain.

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Safeguarding cultural heritage from climate change related hydrometeorological hazards in Central Europe

Cited by 51 publications

References 37 publications

Climate change threats to cultural and natural heritage UNESCO sites in the Mediterranean

Climate change threats to cultural and natural heritage UNESCO sites in the Mediterranean

Copernicus in Support of Monitoring, Protection, and Management of Cultural and Natural Heritage

Remote sensing to assess the risk for cultural heritage: forecasting potential collapses due to rainfall in historic fortifications

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