Safeguarding Millimeter Wave Communications Against Randomly Located Eavesdroppers

Abstract

Millimeter wave offers a sensible solution to the capacity crunch faced by 5G wireless communications. This paper comprehensively studies physical layer security in a multi-input single-output (MISO) millimeter wave system where multiple single-antenna eavesdroppers are randomly located. Concerning the specific propagation characteristics of millimeter wave, we investigate two secure transmission schemes, namely maximum ratio transmitting (MRT) beamforming and artificial noise (AN) beamforming. Specifically, we first derive closed-form expressions of the connection probability for both schemes. We then analyze the secrecy outage probability (SOP) in both non-colluding eavesdroppers and colluding eavesdroppers scenarios. Also, we maximize the secrecy throughput under a SOP constraint, and obtain optimal transmission parameters, especially the power allocation between AN and the information signal for AN beamforming. Numerical results are provided to verify our theoretical analysis. We observe that the density of eavesdroppers, the spatially resolvable paths of the destination and eavesdroppers all contribute to the secrecy performance and the parameter design of millimeter wave systems.Index Terms-Physical layer security, millimeter wave, multipath, stochastic geometry, artificial noise, secrecy outage, secrecy throughput.

Secure transmission in large‐scale cooperative millimetre‐wave systems with passive eavesdroppers

“…Motivated by the new propagation features of mmWave band, several studies have focused on secure transmission in this domain [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. With multiple antennas, the transmitter can implement transmit beamforming either to enhance the legitimate user's channel [7] or to deteriorate eavesdroppers' (Eves) channels by emitting artificial noise (AN) [8].…”

“…Using the stochastic geometry framework, Wang and Wang [9] investigated the secrecy performance of the downlink transmission in an mmWave cellular network for both non-colluding Eves (NCE) and colluding Eves (CE). The work in [10] has thoroughly studied secure transmission in a multi-input single-output mmWave system where Eves are distributed randomly. Specifically, Ju et al [10] considered two secure transmission schemes, namely MRT beamforming and AN-aided beamforming for both NCE and CE scenarios.…”

“…The work in [10] has thoroughly studied secure transmission in a multi-input single-output mmWave system where Eves are distributed randomly. Specifically, Ju et al [10] considered two secure transmission schemes, namely MRT beamforming and AN-aided beamforming for both NCE and CE scenarios. Furthermore, the work in [11] studied the secrecy performance of ad-hoc networks using the stochastic geometry tool.…”

An Analysis on Secure Millimeter Wave NOMA Communications in Cognitive Radio Networks

“…In recent years, technologies such as beamforming [16], [18], artificial noise [19], [20], and cooperative transmission [21], [22] have been extensively studied in mmWave systems to enhance PLS. The sensitivity to blockages may cause significant differences in path loss characteristics between signal line-of-sight (LOS) and nonline-of-sight (NLOS) links of mmWave signals, and thus different propagation laws may lead to different path loss rules.…”

Physical Layer Security in Cognitive Millimeter Wave Networks

“…Specifically, with the aid of stochastic geometry framework, [16] synthetically studied the network-wide PLS performance of downlink transmission in mmWave cellular network. Subsequently, in [17], two secure transmission schemes were designed to improve PLS in a multi-input single-output mm-Wave system in the presence of multiple randomly located eavesdroppers. In [18], the PLS of mmWave systems with different secure on-off transmission strategies was studied under the randomly distributed eavesdroppers.…”