Safety and efficacy of diphetarsone in the treatment of amoebiasis, non-pathogenic amoebiasis and trichuriasis

Keystone, Jay S.; Proctor, E. M.; Glenn, Christine V.; McIntyre, Laura Lee

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(83)90022-6

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Agents used for the treatment of dientamoebiasis have been associated with several side‐effects. Diphetarsone has been associated with transient liver function abnormalities [15], while tetracycline is contraindicated in children because of its deleterious effects on dental development [1]. However, a recent study reported no side‐effects following the use of paromomycin in paediatric patients [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide range of compounds has been used, with varying efficacies, in the treatment of dientamoebiasis, including metronidazole [11], iodoquinol [12], tetracycline [13], erythromycin [14], diphetarsone [15], paromomycin [16] and secnidazole [2]. Chan et al [17] used in-vitro susceptibility tests on D. fragilis ATCC 30948 in a dixenic culture to reveal that iodoquinol, paromomycin and metronidazole were inhibitory to D. fragilis, as they had limited or no activity against the associated bacteria.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A comparison of metronidazole and single-dose ornidazole for the treatment of dientamoebiasis

Kurt

Girginkardeşler

Balcıoğlu

et al. 2008

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Recent reports of the pathogenic potential of Dientamoeba fragilis have underlined the need for an effective treatment against this colon-dwelling protozoan. Metronidazole is a well-known and commonly used anti-protozoal agent, but another 5-nitroimidazole derivative, ornidazole, may be preferable, where available, because of its longer half-life and fewer side-effects. This study compared the efficacies of metronidazole and ornidazole in a group of 112 patients with dientamoebiasis. Patients were randomised into two treatment groups: group 1 (n = 56) received metronidazole for 5 days, 20 mg/kg/day for children and 1.5 g/day for adults, in three oral doses, while group 2 (n = 56) received a single oral dose of ornidazole, 30 mg/kg for children and 2 g for adults. Stool samples were examined on the seventh and 14th days after treatment, and clinical symptoms were recorded to evaluate the efficacy of treatment. A statistically significant difference was recorded between the efficacies of ornidazole and metronidazole, both parasitologically (92.9% vs. 69.6%, p 0.001) and clinically (96.4% vs. 76.8%, p 0.001). Patients in the metronidazole group reported more side-effects than patients in the ornidazole group, none of whom required termination of treatment. These results suggest that single-dose ornidazole may be an important alternative agent for the treatment of dientamoebiasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A comparison of metronidazole and single-dose ornidazole for the treatment of dientamoebiasis

Kurt

Girginkardeşler

Balcıoğlu

et al. 2008

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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“…Despite its efficacy in eradicating D. fragilis, carbarsone is no longer available for human use. The newer arsenic compound diphetarsone showed 100% efficacy (188). Despite being a widely used first-line treatment for intestinal amoebiasis, side effects associated with the use of arsenicals, such as encephalopathy, polyneuritis, visual disturbances, and dermatitis, led to the drug being removed from clinical practice and not licensed for human use (188).…”

Section: Arsenic-based Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dientamoeba fragilis, the Neglected Trichomonad of the Human Bowel

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYDientamoeba fragilisis a protozoan parasite of the human bowel, commonly reported throughout the world in association with gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite its initial discovery over 100 years ago, arguably, we know less about this peculiar organism than any other pathogenic or potentially pathogenic protozoan that infects humans. The details of its life cycle and mode of transmission are not completely known, and its potential as a human pathogen is debated within the scientific community. Recently, several major advances have been made with respect to this organism's life cycle and molecular biology. While many questions remain unanswered, these and other recent advances have given rise to some intriguing new leads, which will pave the way for future research. This review encompasses a large body of knowledge generated on various aspects ofD. fragilisover the last century, together with an update on the most recent developments. This includes an update on the latest diagnostic techniques and treatments, the clinical aspects of dientamoebiasis, the development of an animal model, the description of aD. fragiliscyst stage, and the sequencing of the firstD. fragilistranscriptome.

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“…Transient liver function abnormalities were observed in several patients treated with diphetarsone (70). Tetracycline has limited usefulness in children because of its well-established deleterious effect on dental development.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging from Obscurity: Biological, Clinical, and Diagnostic Aspects of Dientamoeba fragilis

2004

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Ever since its first description in 1918, Dientamoeba fragilis has struggled to gain recognition as a significant pathogen. There is little justification for this neglect, however, since there exists a growing body of case reports from numerous countries around the world that have linked this protozoal parasite to clinical manifestations such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, and anorexia. A number of studies have even incriminated D. fragilis as a cause of irritable bowel syndrome, allergic colitis, and diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus patients. Although D. fragilis is most commonly identified using permanently stained fecal smears, recent advances in culturing techniques are simplifying as well as improving the ability of investigators to detect this organism. However, there are limitations in the use of cultures since they cannot be performed on fecal samples that have been fixed. Significant progress has been made in the biological classification of this organism, which originally was described as an ameba. Analyses of small-subunit rRNA gene sequences have clearly demonstrated its close relationship to Histomonas, and it is now known to be a trichomonad. How the organism is transmitted remains a mystery, although there is some evidence that D. fragilis might be transmitted via the ova of the pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis. Also, it remains to be answered whether the two distinct genotypes of D. fragilis recently identified represent organisms with differing virulence

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Safety and efficacy of diphetarsone in the treatment of amoebiasis, non-pathogenic amoebiasis and trichuriasis

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

A comparison of metronidazole and single-dose ornidazole for the treatment of dientamoebiasis

A comparison of metronidazole and single-dose ornidazole for the treatment of dientamoebiasis

Dientamoeba fragilis, the Neglected Trichomonad of the Human Bowel

Emerging from Obscurity: Biological, Clinical, and Diagnostic Aspects of Dientamoeba fragilis

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