Safety and efficacy of<i>Salmonella</i><i>gallinarum</i>9R vaccine in young laying chickens

Lee, Young Jae; Mo, In-Pil; Kang, Min

doi:10.1080/03079450500180895

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Birds of group 8 received a single subcutaneous dose of the vaccine and did not present any local reaction or clinical alteration. These results are similar to those observed by Lee et al (2005) when brown Hy-line layers were vaccinated subcutaneously with one or ten doses of a vaccine against fowl typhoid, at the ages of two, four, and six weeks of age. None of the birds in the present experiment had any symptoms, lesions, or mortality during the three weeks following the first vaccination.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…And, as it is a live vaccine, it may also remain in the reproductive system and be transmitted through the eggs (Bersot, 2006). Inactivated vaccines may induce effective protection against the invasion of organs by Salmonella, although they are not effective in controlling the colonization of the intestines by these bacteria (Nakamura et al, 1994;Lee et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reversion to virulence evaluation of a 9R vaccine strain of Salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum in commercial brown layers

Okamoto

Menconi

Marietto-Gonçalves³

et al. 2010

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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The live vaccine Cevac S. Gallinarum, made from a rough strain of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Gallinarum is used for preventing fowl typhoid, a disease that still causes considerable economic losses in countries with a developing poultry industry. The objective of this paper was to evaluate a possible reversion to virulence of the strain used in a vaccine in commercial brown layers. Only Salmonella-free chicks were utilized. One hundred twenty (120) 12-day-old Dekalb brown layers divided in two trials were used. The first trial had six groups of 15 birds each. Birds of group 1 were vaccinated with 10 doses of Cevac S. Gallinarum subcutaneously and 10 doses orally, in a total of 20 doses of vaccine. Then the birds of groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received inocula that contained feces and a pool of organs with fragments of liver, heart, spleen, and cecal tonsils obtained from the immediately previous group. The second trial had three groups with 10 birds each. Birds in group 7 received inocula containing a pool of organs from birds of group 5 from trial 1, whilst the birds in group 8 were vaccinated subcutaneously with one dose of vaccine. Both trials included negative control groups (6 and 9). Throughout the experimental period, birds were monitored for reactions to the vaccination on the site of administration, clinical signs, and post-mortem lesions. In each passage, in addition to the birds euthanized to provide the inocula material, two birds from each group were euthanized for assessment of possible lesions, and their organs (liver, heart, spleen and cecal tonsils) were cultured in an attempt to isolate the vaccine strain. Except for one bird from group 1, that had a local reaction on the site of vaccination - a small vesicle with less that 0.5 mm that persisted until the third day post vaccination -, no other bird had any local reaction to the vaccine or any visible clinical alteration. Birds in group 8 did not present any reaction or clinical alteration because of the vaccine. We only managed to re-isolate the vaccine strain in the inocula made from organs of birds in group 1. We confirmed the isolation by means of biochemical tests, serology, and acriflavine agglutination test. All other cultures made from organs or feces, from all the other experimental groups did not show any growth of the vaccine strain or any other Salmonella serovar, suggesting that the vaccinated birds did not shed the SG9R vaccine strain. No bird presented any clinical symptoms or died during the trials, and no gross lesions were observed in the post-mortem examinations. Under the controlled conditions and time-frame of the present experiment, it was possible to conclude that the rough 9R strain of Salmonella Gallinarum present in the vaccine Cevac S. Gallinarum (Ceva Campinas Ltda. - Campinas, SP - Brazil) did not revert to virulence

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversion to virulence evaluation of a 9R vaccine strain of Salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum in commercial brown layers

Okamoto

Menconi

Marietto-Gonçalves³

et al. 2010

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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“…Both biovars can persist in the host, with no signs of the disease in surviving birds or genetically resistant chickens and also survive in the environment for long periods. Thus, these bacteria are able to cause recurrent infections in flocks, even after therapy (SHIVAPRASAD 2000;WIGLEY et al 2001;LEE et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of these bacteria in hatcheries and farms is controlled by biosecurity, cleaning and disinfection of the facilities (SHIVAPRASAD 2000). Vaccination is also used to prevent these diseases (LEE et al 2005). However, due to failures in biosafety measures or ineffective immunization, outbreaks in commercial flocks are often reported worldwide (PULIDO-LANDINEZ et al 2014;O.I.E.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Pullorum isolated from ill poultry in Brazil

et al. 2016

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Salmonella Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) and NAL and CIP (78%). The susceptibility profile of S. Gallinarum (2006Gallinarum ( -2013 (2006 -2013 period) showed the following susceptibility rates to NAL (65%), CIP (71%), ENR (94%) and TET (94%). All isolates were susceptible to β-lactams tested, however, resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones increased over time. Furthermore, low levels of resistance to other antibiotics were found in recent isolates, such as tetracyclines. was the following NAL (58%), CIP (63%), ENR (67%), TET (92%), FFC (96%) and SXT (96%). S. Pullorum isolates

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“…There have also been studies showing that the SPI-1 T3SS continues to be expressed once Salmonella is inside the SCV, and that some of the SPI-1 effector proteins work in conjunction with SPI-2 effector proteins to manipulate the host cell (Brawn et al, 2007;Giacomodonato et al, 2007;Hautefort et al, 2008). There have been many studies based on the reduction of colonization and shedding of Salmonella in chickens; however, the majority of these studies have involved Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovars Typhimurium, Pullorum and Gallinarum (Jones et al, 2001(Jones et al, , 2007Lee et al, 2005;Rana & Kulshreshtha, 2006;Turner et al, 1998;Wigley et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system: role in intestinal colonization of chickens and systemic spread

et al. 2010

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Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) has been identified as a significant cause of salmonellosis in humans. Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2) each encode a specialized type III secretion system (T3SS) that enables Salmonella to manipulate host cells at various stages of the invasion/infection process. For the purposes of our studies we used a chicken isolate of S. Enteritidis (Sal18). In one study, we orally co-challenged 35-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with two bacterial strains per group. The control group received two versions of the wild-type strain Sal18: Sal18 attTn7 : : tet and Sal18 attTn7 : : cat, while the other two groups received the wild-type strain (Sal18 attTn7 : : tet) and one of two mutant strains. From this study, we concluded that S. Enteritidis strains deficient in the SPI-1 and SPI-2 systems were outcompeted by the wild-type strain. In a second study, groups of SPF chickens were challenged at 1 week of age with four different strains: the wild-type strain, and three other strains lacking either one or both of the SPI-1 and SPI-2 regions. On days 1 and 2 post-challenge, we observed a reduced systemic spread of the SPI-2 mutants, but by day 3, the systemic distribution levels of the mutants matched that of the wild-type strain. Based on these two studies, we conclude that the S. Enteritidis SPI-2 T3SS facilitates invasion and systemic spread in chickens, although alternative mechanisms for these processes appear to exist.

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Safety and efficacy ofSalmonellagallinarum9R vaccine in young laying chickens

Cited by 45 publications

References 12 publications

Reversion to virulence evaluation of a 9R vaccine strain of Salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum in commercial brown layers

Reversion to virulence evaluation of a 9R vaccine strain of Salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum in commercial brown layers

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Pullorum isolated from ill poultry in Brazil

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system: role in intestinal colonization of chickens and systemic spread

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