Safety and efficacy of Staged Extubation Set in patients with difficult airway: a prospective multicenter study

Effect of high‐flow vs. low‐flow nasal plus mouthguard oxygen therapy on hypoxaemia during sedation: a multicentre randomised controlled trial

“…Our study may be underpowered to detect a smaller, yet clinically significant, difference that may be important in high‐risk patients Nonetheless, absolute reductions at magnitudes of 25% [24], 30% [23] and 33% [25], and relative reductions of 60% [23], 66% [21] and 68.7% [25] were deemed as significant effect size estimates by recent studies assessing HFNO in similar patient populations during advanced endoscopy [21]. While the hypoxaemia estimates in our low‐flow nasal plus mouthguard oxygen group were based on existing data, [2–5] similar estimates were not available for the HFNO group, therefore we estimated a hypoxaemia rate of 5.4%. Although the observed hypoxaemia rate in our HFNO group (7.6%) was closer to our prediction, the incidence in the low‐flow nasal plus mouthguard oxygen group was much lower than that in the cited literature (9.1% vs. 21.4%).…”

“…Moderate to deep sedation is most frequently used, with general anaesthesia and tracheal intubation employed for selected patients [1]. Hypoxaemia may occur during propofol sedation for ERCP, with reported rates ranging from 15 to 21%, [2][3][4][5] with one study reporting a 60% incidence [6]. In these five studies, hypoxaemia was inconsistently defined and study populations were heterogeneous.…”

“…In these five studies, hypoxaemia was inconsistently defined and study populations were heterogeneous. Contributing factors to hypoxaemia may include decreased cardiopulmonary reserve; respiratory depression; duration of procedure; prone positioning; ASA physical status 3 or higher; BMI > 30 kg.m ‐2 ; and known or suspected obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) [2, 7‐12]. Prolonged hypoxaemia is a known risk factor for periprocedural cardiac arrhythmia and myocardial ischaemia [13, 14].…”