Stents
have evolved significantly since their introduction to the
medical field in the early 1980s, becoming widely used in percutaneous
coronary interventions and following nephrological procedures. However,
the current commercially available
stents do not degrade and remain in the body forever, leading to problems
like restenosis in cardiovascular applications or requiring removal
procedures in ureteral applications. Efforts to replace metal with
resorbable materials have largely been halted after the commercial
failure of and safety concerns elicited by Abbott’s Absorb
stent in 2017. Industry continues to use common polymers such as poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) for biomedical
products, but due to the weak mechanical properties of these bioresorbable
materials in comparison to metals, these devices have struggled to
accomplish the goals set, increasing risk of thrombosis. 3D printing
stents using bioresorbable and shape memory materials could provide
a method of patient-personalized production, remove the need for balloon
expansion, and limit stent migration, thus bringing a new age of stent
technology. The investigation of a range of 3D-printable and bioresorbable
shape-memory polymers can provide solutions to the shortcomings of
previously explored bioresorbable stents and revitalize the medical
device industry efforts into advancing stent technology.