Safety and immunogenicity of a purified haemagglutinin antigen in very young high-risk children

Groothuis, Jessie R.; Lehr, Marsha V.; Levin, Myron J.

doi:10.1016/0264-410x(94)90051-5

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…[172] No RCTs of influenza VE have been conducted in children with chronic diseases or immunosuppression, as these children have long been recommended to receive vaccine due to the high risk of severe disease. In one nonrandomized controlled trial of vaccine among pediatric asthma clinic patients in Japan, effectiveness estimates were 67.5% against laboratoryconfirmed influenza A infection and 43.7% against laboratory-confirmed influenza B infection.…”

Section: Inactivated Influenza Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

2012/13 influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B: estimates from a European network of hospitals

Rondy¹,

Launay

Puig-Barberà

et al. 2015

Eurosurveillance

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Section: Inactivated Influenza Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

2012/13 influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B: estimates from a European network of hospitals

Rondy¹,

Launay

Puig-Barberà

et al. 2015

Eurosurveillance

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“…[37][38][39] Nevertheless, infl u enza vaccine effectiveness has been demonstrated among children and adults with other chronic respiratory diseases. [40][41][42][43] Additionally, a small, retrospective This study demonstrated for the fi rst time to our knowledge that CF pulmonary exacerbations increase signifi cantly during the winter and that they are highly associated with the infl uenza season.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza-Associated Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Exacerbations

Ortiz

Neuzil

Victor

et al. 2010

Chest

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A n estimated 30,000 people in the United States have cystic fi brosis (CF). 1 CF is an autosomal reces sive disease that affects multiple organ systems; however, respiratory complications account for nearly 85% of CF mortality. 1 Exacerbations of CF pulmonary disease are common and are characterized by cough, increased sputum production, dyspnea, decreased energy level and appetite, weight loss, and decreases in spirometric parameters. 2 Over the last 2 decades, the quality of life and median survival among persons with CF have improved substantially. 1 Nevertheless, increasing age in CF is associated with worsening nutritional status, declining lung function,

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“…Notably, inactivated whole-virus and split-virus vaccines are known to activate CD8 ϩ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses only sporadically, have poor cross-reactivity to antigenic variants, and produce poor secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses (4,7,17,24,34,36). In addition, injection site reactogenicity and weak immune responses can be a problem in very young children (18,19). Significant efforts are currently being pursued to improve the vaccines' efficacy and tolerability primarily through the development of mucosally active influenza vaccines (2,7,10,33,40).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Administration of Influenza Vaccine in Combination with the Adjuvants LT-K63 and LT-R72 Induces Potent Immune Responses Comparable to or Stronger than Traditional Intramuscular Immunization

Barackman¹,

Ott²,

Pine³

et al. 2001

Clin Diagn Lab Immunol

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Mucosal immunization strategies are actively being pursued in the hopes of improving the efficacy of vaccines against the influenza virus. Our group investigated the oral immunization of mice via intragastric gavage with influenza hemagglutinin (HA) combined with mutant Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins K63 (LT-K63) and R72 (LT-R72). These oral immunizations resulted in potent serum antibody and HA inhibition titers, in some cases stronger than those obtained with traditional intramuscular administration, in addition to HA-specific immunoglobulin A in the saliva and nasal secretions. This study demonstrates that it may be possible to develop effective oral influenza vaccines.Influenza is a serious human disease exhibiting high mortality in vulnerable populations such as the very young and the very old, as well as causing significant morbidity in the general population (17). The social and economic costs associated with yearly influenza outbreaks are high (7). Formalin-inactivated whole-virus and split-virus vaccines administered intramuscularly (i.m.) are commercially available to control the spread and severity of influenza (15,38). These prophylactic vaccines, although important agents in controlling influenza, suffer from a number of shortcomings that limit their efficacy and acceptability. Notably, inactivated whole-virus and split-virus vaccines are known to activate CD8 ϩ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses only sporadically, have poor cross-reactivity to antigenic variants, and produce poor secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses (4,7,17,24,34,36). In addition, injection site reactogenicity and weak immune responses can be a problem in very young children (18,19). Significant efforts are currently being pursued to improve the vaccines' efficacy and tolerability primarily through the development of mucosally active influenza vaccines (2,7,10,33,40). Oral immunization is considered by many to be a highly desirable form of vaccination, although numerous obstacles make oral immunization using subunit antigens a significant challenge (3, 6, 11). Many approaches have been investigated to develop viable orally active influenza vaccines (3,21,29,30). Mucosal adjuvants, primarily Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and cholera toxin (CT), are the most commonly employed vaccine enhancers (11,12). Although potent mucosal adjuvants, LT and CT are toxic in humans at doses useful for adjuvanticity due to their ADPribosyltransferase activity (28). The nontoxic B subunit of CT (CTB) has also been investigated; however, studies have indicated that small amounts of the whole CT are required for sufficient adjuvant potency, inhibiting the potential of CTB in humans (44,45,46). Our group has investigated the mutant LT toxins LT-K63 and LT-R72, which demonstrate extremely low (LT-R72) to undetectable (LT-K63) levels of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity yet maintain potent mucosal adjuvant activity, demonstrating that ADP-ribosyltransferase activity may not be linked to the adjuvant activity (2, 13, 16). In thi...

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Safety and immunogenicity of a purified haemagglutinin antigen in very young high-risk children

Cited by 30 publications

References 8 publications

2012/13 influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B: estimates from a European network of hospitals

2012/13 influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B: estimates from a European network of hospitals

Influenza-Associated Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Exacerbations

Oral Administration of Influenza Vaccine in Combination with the Adjuvants LT-K63 and LT-R72 Induces Potent Immune Responses Comparable to or Stronger than Traditional Intramuscular Immunization

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