Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous and homologous inactivated and adenoviral-vectored COVID-19 vaccines in healthy adults

Wanlapakorn, Nasamon; Suntronwong, Nungruthai; Phowatthanasathian, Harit; Yorsaeng, Ritthideach; Vichaiwattana, Preeyaporn; Thongmee, Thanunrat; Auphimai, Chompoonut; Srimuan, Donchida; Thatsanatorn, Thaksaporn; Assawakosri, Suvichada; Kanokudom, Sitthichai; Poovorawan, Yong

doi:10.1101/2021.11.04.21265908

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Additionally, the antibody response after a booster with intramuscular BNT162b2 in our current study (3821 BAU/mL) was similar to previous studies (3884 BAU/mL) [27]. Previous studies have also shown that the mix and match of the platform, namely CV/AZD1222, significantly elicited IgG anti-RBD at 28 days compared to CV/CV [28]. Furthermore, AZD1222/BNT162b synergistically promoted IgG anti-spike at both 28 days [29] and 73 days [30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Safety and Immunogenicity of the Third Booster Dose with Inactivated, Viral Vector, and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Fully Immunized Healthy Adults with Inactivated Vaccine

et al. 2022

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a severe healthcare problem worldwide since the first outbreak in late December 2019. Currently, the COVID-19 vaccine has been used in many countries, but it is still unable to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, despite patients receiving full vaccination doses. Therefore, we aimed to appraise the booster effect of the different platforms of vaccines, including inactivated vaccine (BBIBP), viral vector vaccine (AZD122), and mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2), in healthy adults who received the full dose of inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac). The booster dose was safe with no serious adverse events. Moreover, the immunogenicity indicated that the booster dose with viral vector and mRNA vaccine achieved a significant proportion of Ig anti-receptor binding domain (RBD), IgG anti-RBD, and IgA anti-S1 booster response. In contrast, inactivated vaccine achieved a lower booster response than others. Consequently, the neutralization activity of vaccinated serum had a high inhibition of over 90% against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and their variants (B.1.1.7–alpha, B.1.351–beta, and B.1.617.2–delta). In addition, IgG anti-nucleocapsid was observed only among the group that received the BBIBP booster. Our study found a significant increase in levels of IFN-ɣ secreting T-cell response after the additional viral vector or mRNA booster vaccination. This study showed that administration with either viral vector (AZD1222) or mRNA (BNT162b2) boosters in individuals with a history of two doses of inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) obtained great immunogenicity with acceptable adverse events.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Safety and Immunogenicity of the Third Booster Dose with Inactivated, Viral Vector, and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Fully Immunized Healthy Adults with Inactivated Vaccine

et al. 2022

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“…, and the heterologous boosters with superiority of mRNA 13,14,76-78 over AV 79 have shown to be more immunogenic than homologous boosters in healthy people receiving inactivated priming regimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies and COVID-19 vaccines: A practical review and meta-analysis

Etemadifar

Nouri

Pitzalis

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Importance: An evidence-based appraisal of the COVID-19 vaccination policies among people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) with respect to disease-modifying therapies (DMT) is important for our understandings and their further management. Objective: To synthesize the available evidence concerning the effect of DMTs on COVID-19 vaccination immunogenicity and effectiveness. Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, MedRxiv, and Google Scholar from January 2021 until January 2022. Study Selection: The exclusion criteria included: not a primary investigation; retracted/withdrawn; no eligible participants - people with no history/evidence of previous COVID-19 and corticosteroid administration within two months of vaccination; no eligible exposures - all nine DMT classes; and no eligible comparators - DMT-unexposed at the time of vaccination. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Entries were assessed independently by two reviewers for eligibility and quality. Dichotomized data was extracted by two reviewers in accordance with Cochrane guidelines, and were pooled using either Peto fixed-effects or Inverse-variance random-effects methods. Main Outcomes and Measures: Main outcomes were i) B-cell response, measured by seroconversion odds ratio (OR); ii) T-cell response, measured by interferon-gamma release response OR, and CD4+/CD8+ activation-induced marker+ OR. Further outcomes including immunity waning speed and breakthrough COVID-19 incidence/severity were synthesized narratively. Results: Data from 28 studies (5,025 pwMS and 1,635 healthy participants) after COVID-19 vaccination suggests mildly-lower B-cell responses in teriflunomide- and alemtuzumab-treated, extensively-lower B-cell responses in sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator (S1PRM)- and anti-CD20 (aCD20)-treated, and lower T-cell responses in interferon-, S1PRM-, alemtuzumab- and cladribine-treated pwMS. Every ten-week increase in aCD20-to-vaccine period is associated with a 1.94-time (95%CI: 1.57, 2.41, P<0.00001) increase in odds of seroconversion. B-cell-depleting therapies seem to accelerate post-vaccination humoral waning, and booster immunogenicity is predictable with the same factors affecting the priming vaccination. Furthermore, comparatively-increased breakthrough COVID-19 incidence and severity is being observed only among S1PRM- and anti-CD20-treated pwMS - i.e., among the pwMS with extensively-blunted B-cell response, despite adequate T-cell responses in the aCD20-treated. To date, pwMS on only-T-cell-blunting DMTs have not shown increased susceptibility to breakthrough COVID-19. Conclusion and Relevance: The implemented vaccination strategy to date has been effective for pwMS on all DMTs other than S1PRM and aCD20. As B-cell immunity seems to be a more important predictor of vaccine effectiveness than T-cell immunity, optimization of humoral immunogenicity and ensuring its durability among pwMS on DMTs are the necessities of an effective COVID-19 vaccination policy.

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“…The AE symptoms in previously infected individuals after vaccination were similar to those in individuals without prior infection. Therefore, pre-existing immunity after natural infection may not affect AE symptoms 49,50,51 . Additionally, AEs were more frequent after vaccination with the vector-based vaccine than with the inactivated vaccine, suggesting that different types of vaccines cause different types of local and systemic reactogenicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants received a second dose of CoronaVac 28 d after the first dose and that of AZD1222 8 to 10 weeks after priming. For comparison as reference groups, data on 180 infection-naïve individuals who had been vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac (n = 90) or AZD1222 (n = 90) were obtained from a previous study 50 . All participants have written consent.…”

Section: Study Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune responses to inactivated and vector-based vaccines in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2

Suntronwong

Yorsaeng

Auphimai

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Immunity wanes in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, and vaccinating those individuals may help reduce reinfection. Herein, reactogenicity and immunogenicity following vaccination with inactivated (CoronaVac) and vector-based (ChAdOx1-S, AZD1222) vaccines were examined in previously infected individuals. Immune response was also compared between short and long intervals between first date of detection and vaccination. Adverse events were mild but were higher with AZD1222 than with CoronaVac. Baseline IgG-specific antibodies and neutralizing activity were significantly higher with shorter than longer intervals. With a single-dose vaccine, IgG and IgA-specific binding antibodies, neutralizing activity, and total interferon-gamma response peaked at 14 days. Immune response was significantly higher in recovered individuals than in infection-naïve individuals. Antibody response was greater with longer than shorter intervals. AZD1222 induced higher antibody and T cell responses than those of CoronaVac. Thus, to achieve immunity, individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure may require only a single dose of AZD1222 or two doses of CoronaVac to achieve the immune response. These findings supported vaccine strategies in previously infected individuals.

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Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous and homologous inactivated and adenoviral-vectored COVID-19 vaccines in healthy adults

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Safety and Immunogenicity of the Third Booster Dose with Inactivated, Viral Vector, and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Fully Immunized Healthy Adults with Inactivated Vaccine

Safety and Immunogenicity of the Third Booster Dose with Inactivated, Viral Vector, and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Fully Immunized Healthy Adults with Inactivated Vaccine

Multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies and COVID-19 vaccines: A practical review and meta-analysis

Immune responses to inactivated and vector-based vaccines in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2

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