Safety and immunogenicity of homologous versus heterologous booster dose with AZD1222, mRNA-1273, or MVC-COV1901 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in adults: An observer-blinded, multi-center, phase 2 randomized trial

Estephan, Lila; Lin, Ying‐Chin; Lin, Yi-Tsung; Chen, Yen-Hsu; Pan, Sung‐Ching; Hsieh, Shu‐Ching; Torkehagen, Paal Fure; Weng, Yi-Jen; Cheng, Hao-Yuan; Estrada, Josue Antonio Garcia; Waits, Alexander; Chen, Charles; Lien, Chia En

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.029

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, the homologous Adenovirus-based boost was not effective due to pre-existing neutralizing antibodies against adenovirus. Indeed, Adenoviral-vectored vaccines were less effective than mRNA-based or subunit vaccines as a boost following CoronaVac/AZD1222 prime (19, 39). Furthermore, many recent studies showed spike subunit booster vaccines (CoV2 preS dTM-AS03, NVX-COV2373/NVX-COV2515, or MVC-COV1901) elicited robust neutralizing antibodies against multiple variants in populations who were previously primed with adenovirus-vectored vaccines such as Ad26.CoV2.S or ChAdOx1nCoV-19, although mRNA booster vaccine enhanced neutralization capacity against Omicron (7, 18, 19, 22, 23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, Adenoviral-vectored vaccines were less effective than mRNA-based or subunit vaccines as a boost following CoronaVac/AZD1222 prime (19, 39). Furthermore, many recent studies showed spike subunit booster vaccines (CoV2 preS dTM-AS03, NVX-COV2373/NVX-COV2515, or MVC-COV1901) elicited robust neutralizing antibodies against multiple variants in populations who were previously primed with adenovirus-vectored vaccines such as Ad26.CoV2.S or ChAdOx1nCoV-19, although mRNA booster vaccine enhanced neutralization capacity against Omicron (7, 18, 19, 22, 23). Thus, our future work will include more investigation in neutralization activity against spikes of currently circulating variants of interest (VOIs) such as, XBB.1.5., XBB.1.16., and EG.5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, various studies have reported previously that T-cell immunity was activated after a booster (31, 34, 44, 45). Boosting with NVX-CoV2373 (nanoparticle of spike protein with Matrix-M TM adjuvant) to individuals primed with two doses of ChAdOx1nCov-19 or MVC-COV1901 (protein subunit vaccine of stable prefusion spike protein) of individuals primed with two doses of AZD1222 induced T cell-mediated immune response (19, 21). Furthermore, S-specific T-cell responses were positively correlated with the presence of S-specific binding antibodies (44), implying the induction of robust T-cell immune response after rS1RS09OM booster in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many recent studies have shown that spike subunit booster vaccines (e.g., CoV2 preS dTM-AS03, NVX-COV2373/NVX-COV2515, or MVC-COV1901) elicited robust neutralizing antibodies against multiple variants in populations primed with adenovirus-based vaccines (18–22). Moreover, a protein subunit vaccine as a booster showed the best safety profiles in terms of both local and systemic adverse events compared to AZD1222 and mRNA-1273 (19), and three doses of NVX-CoV2373 elicited high neutralizing titers against Omicron BA.1 and BA.4/BA.5, with responses similar in magnitude to those triggered by three doses of an mRNA vaccine (23). Furthermore, the spike protein subunit vaccine demonstrated superior viral control in the upper airway against BA.5 infection compared to the mRNA-1273 vaccine in non-human primates primed with two doses of mRNA-1273, although comparable neutralizing antibodies were induced by both booster vaccines (24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Second Boost of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit Vaccine Induced Broad Humoral Immune Responses in Elderly Mice

Kim,

Khan,

Ferrari

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Currently approved COVID-19 vaccines prevent symptomatic infection, hospitalization, and death from the disease. However, repeated homologous boosters, while considered a solution for severe forms of the disease caused by new SARS-CoV-2 variants in elderly individuals and immunocompromised patients, cannot provide complete protection against breakthrough infections. This highlights the need for alternative platforms for booster vaccines. In our previous study, we assessed the boost effect of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta S1 recombinant protein subunit vaccine (rS1Beta) in aged mice primed with an adenovirus-based vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2-S1 (Ad5.S1) via subcutaneous injection or intranasal delivery, which induced robust humoral immune responses (1). In this follow-up study, we demonstrated that a second booster dose of a non-adjuvanted recombinant Omicron (BA.1) S1 subunit vaccine with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist RS09 (rS1RS09OM) was effective in stimulating strong S1-specific immune responses and inducing significantly high neutralizing antibodies against the Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron variants in 100-week-old mice. Importantly, the second booster dose elicits cross-reactive antibody responses, resulting in ACE2 binding inhibition against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron (BA.1) and its subvariants. Interestingly, the levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies correlated with the level of ACE2 inhibition in the booster serum samples, although Omicron S1-specific IgG level showed a weaker correlation compared to Wuhan S1-specific IgG level. Furthermore, we compared the immunogenic properties of the rS1 subunit vaccine in young, middle-aged, and elderly mice, resulting in reduced immunogenicity with age, especially an impaired Th1-biased immune response in aged mice. Our findings demonstrate that the new variant of concern (VOC) rS1 subunit vaccine as a second booster has the potential to offer cross-neutralization against a broad range of variants and to improve vaccine effectiveness against newly emerging breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 variants in elderly individuals who were previously primed with the authorized vaccines.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Second Boost of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit Vaccine Induced Broad Humoral Immune Responses in Elderly Mice

Kim,

Khan,

Ferrari

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In many Asian countries, such as Thailand, initial vaccination was with two doses of CV, but as more vaccines became available, both DNA- and mRNA-based vaccines have been used in homologous and heterologous booster programs 21 , 22 . There is much interest in determining the long-term safety aspects of continuous vaccine boosting programs and their effectiveness in preventing serious conditions arising from SARS-CoV-2 infection 19 , 23 . In this study, we have followed participants who initially received two doses of CV 20 and subsequently received another 2 doses of heterologous DNA- or mRNA-vaccines, and a cohort who then went on to have a 3rd booster of a mRNA vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-arm analysis of the immune response to heterologous boosting of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

Nithichanon,

Kamuthachad,

Salao

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several vaccine programs were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, which included inactivated virus, DNA viral vectors and mRNA vaccines. Booster programs are recommended, especially for those in high-risk groups. However, many of these booster programs involve heterologous vaccines. This study enrolled volunteers who first received two full-dose CoronaVac vaccinations before receiving heterologous boosters with DNA- and/or mRNA-vaccines for an additional 2 doses (n = 40) or an additional 3 doses (n = 16). Our results showed no difference in side effects, neutralizing antibodies, or T-cell responses for any of the heterologous vaccination programs. However, the neutralizing capacity and IFN-γ responses against the Omicron variant in volunteers who received 4 or 5 doses were improved. Polarization of peripheral memory T cells after stimulation in all booster groups with Omicron peptide showed an increased trend of naïve and central memory phenotypes of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, suggesting that exposure to Omicron antigens will drive T cells into a lymphoid resident T cell phenotype. Our data support a continuous vaccination program to maximize the effectiveness of immunity, especially in people at high risk. Furthermore, the number of boosting doses is important for maintaining immunity.

show abstract

Fourth dose of microneedle array patch of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein subunit vaccine elicits robust long-lasting humoral responses in mice

Kim,

Shin,

Ferrari

et al. 2024

International Immunopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Safety and immunogenicity of homologous versus heterologous booster dose with AZD1222, mRNA-1273, or MVC-COV1901 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in adults: An observer-blinded, multi-center, phase 2 randomized trial

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Second Boost of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit Vaccine Induced Broad Humoral Immune Responses in Elderly Mice

Second Boost of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit Vaccine Induced Broad Humoral Immune Responses in Elderly Mice

A two-arm analysis of the immune response to heterologous boosting of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

Fourth dose of microneedle array patch of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein subunit vaccine elicits robust long-lasting humoral responses in mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About