Safety aspects of kraft lignin fractions: Discussions on the in chemico antioxidant activity and the induction of oxidative stress on a cell-based in vitro model

Thá, Emanoela Lundgren; Matos, Mailson; Avelino, Francisco; Lomonaco, Diego; Rodrigues-Souza, Isisdoris; Gagosian, Viviana Stephanie Costa; Cestari, Marta Margarete; Magalhães, Washington Luiz Esteves; Leme, Daniela Morais

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.103

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Antitumor properties of eucalyptusderived phytochemicals were related to the phenolic constituents and were summarized in a review (Abiri et al, 2021). Thá et al (2021) demonstrated that eucalyptus kraft lignin, despite its strong antioxidant effect, can be responsible for the generation of significant levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and cause oxidative damage to DNA of HepG2 cells.…”

Section: Potential Mechanism Of the Lnp Interaction With Liver Cancer...mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Molecular-Weight Fractions of Spruce and Eucalyptus Lignin as a Perspective Nanoparticle-Based Platform for a Therapy Delivery in Liver Cancer

Pylypchuk

Suo

Chucheepchuenkamol

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The natural polymer, lignin, possesses unique biodegradable and biocompatible properties, making it highly attractive for the generation of nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated spruce and eucalyptus lignin nanoparticles (designated as S-and E-LNPs, respectively). Both LNP types were generated from high-molecular-weight (Mw) kraft lignin obtained as insoluble residues after a five-step solvent fractionation approach, which included ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. The resulting S-and E-LNPs ranged in size from 16 to 60 nm with uniform spherical shape regardless of the type of lignin. The preparation of LNPs from an acetone-insoluble lignin fraction is attractive because of the use of high-Mw lignin that is otherwise not suitable for most polymeric applications, its potential scalability, and the consistent size of the LNPs, which was independent of increased lignin concentrations. Due to the potential of LNPs to serve as delivery platforms in liver cancer treatment, we tested, for the first time, the efficacy of newly generated E-LNPs and S-LNPs in two types of primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), in vitro. Both S-LNPs and E-LNPs inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner and did not affect CCA cell line growth. The inhibitory effect toward HCC was more pronounced in the E-LNP-treated group and was comparable to the standard therapy, sorafenib. Also, E-LNPs induced late apoptosis and necroptosis while inhibiting the HCC cell line. This study demonstrated that an elevated number of carbohydrates on the surface of the LNPs, as shown by NMR, seem to play an important role in mediating the interaction between LNPs and eukaryotic cells. The latter effect was most pronounced in E-LNPs. The novel S- and E-LNPs generated in this work are promising materials for biomedicine with advantageous properties such as small particle size and tailored surface functionality, making them an attractive and potentially biodegradable delivery tool for combination therapy in liver cancer, which still has to be verified in vivo using HCC and CCA models.

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Section: Potential Mechanism Of the Lnp Interaction With Liver Cancer...mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Molecular-Weight Fractions of Spruce and Eucalyptus Lignin as a Perspective Nanoparticle-Based Platform for a Therapy Delivery in Liver Cancer

Pylypchuk

Suo

Chucheepchuenkamol

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Although the DPPH reaction positively indicated for RSO metabolites able to scavenge the DPPH radical, these concentrations were markedly cytotoxic, whereas a non-cytotoxic dose could not reduce cellular ROS levels. Other substances can act as antioxidants under certain conditions and also have cytotoxic and pro-oxidant effects in other contexts ( Thá et al, 2021 ). For instance, while the essential oil of Origanum onites and carvacrol exhibit free radical scavenging, the reduction in intracellular ROS generation was not statistically significant following the application of the essential oil and p-cymene in HCT116 and HepG2 cells ( Becer et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red sacaca essential oil-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers optimized by factorial design: cytotoxicity and cellular reactive oxygen species levels

Chura,

Memória,

Lopes

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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Amazonian flora includes several species with the potential to develop pharmaceutical and biotechnological products. The essential oils from Amazonian species possess some biological properties, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. The essential oil of red sacaca (RSO), Croton cajucara Benth., contains metabolites characterized by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are an advantageous alternative for the effective delivery of drugs because they can solubilize lipophilic actives and reduce their cytotoxicity. This study aimed to optimize the synthesis of RSO-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC-RSO) using a 23 factorial design and investigate their antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. The red sacaca essential oil (RSO) metabolite profile was characterized using gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS), identifying 33 metabolites, with linalool and 7-hydroxy-calamenene as the major ones, as reported in the literature. The optimized NLC-RSO formulation had a particle size less than 100 nm and a polydispersity index lower than 0.25. After characterizing NLC-RSO using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, zeta potential, moisture content, and wettability, in vitro cytotoxicity were performed in A549 and BEAS-2B cell lines using the resazurin metabolism assay. The data indicated a lower IC50 for RSO than for NLC-RSOs in both cell lines. Furthermore, low cytotoxicity of blank nanoparticles (blank NP) and medium chain triglycerides-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC-MCT) towards both pulmonary cell lines was noted. At a concentration of 50–100 μg/mL, free RSO exhibited higher cytotoxicity than NLC-RSO, demonstrating the protective effect of this lipid carrier in reducing cytotoxicity during metabolite delivery. Similarly, free RSO showed higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging than NLC-RSO, also indicating this protective effect. The 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level assay did not show differences between the treatments at higher but non-cytotoxic dosages. Taken together, our results suggest that NLC-RSOs are potential RSO delivery systems for applications related to cancer treatment.

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“…These results suggest that the higher residual lignin content present in unbleached mechanical nanocellulose results in its higher antioxidative activity, mainly attributed to its phenolic hydroxyl groups, which would reduce the ABTS radical through electron transfer. In addition, the mechanical pretreatment would not affect the oxidation status of the composite material in comparison with the TEMPO pretreatment, favoring the antioxidant capacity of the former [ 35 ]. Although TEMPO pretreatment is carried out to perform a selective oxidation of the OH groups of cellulose, the sodium hypochlorite used as an initiating agent for catalytic oxidation can produce secondary and undesired oxidation of the lignin present in the fiber, which would cause a solubilization of the lignin, and therefore a bleaching of the fiber, reducing the lignin content in the fiber and thus the antioxidant capacity of the material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Nanofibers from Olive Tree Pruning as Food Packaging Additive of a Biodegradable Film

Sánchez-Gutiérrez

Bascón-Villegas

Espinosa

et al. 2021

Foods

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A biodegradable packaging film containing cellulose nanofibers from olive tree pruning, a by-product of olives production, was obtained using a solvent casting method. Nanocellulose was added to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to enhance the technological properties of the composite film as food packaging material. Nanocellulose was obtained from unbleached and bleached pulp through a mechanical and TEMPO pretreatment. Crystalline and chemical structure, surface microstructure, UV and gas barrier, optical, mechanical and antioxidant properties, as well as thermal stability were evaluated. Regarding optical properties, the UV barrier was increased from 6% for the pure PVA film to 50% and 24% for unbleached and bleached nanocellulose, respectively. The antioxidant capacity increased significantly in unbleached mechanical nanocellulose-films (5.3%) compared to pure PVA film (1.7%). In terms of mechanical properties, the tensile strength of the 5% unbleached mechanical nanocellulose films was significantly improved compared to the pure PVA film. Similarly, the 5% nanocellulose films had increased the thermal stability and improved barrier properties, reducing water vapor permeability by 38–59% and presenting an oxygen barrier comparable to aluminum layer and plastic films. Our results support the use of the developed films as a green alternative material for food packaging.

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Safety aspects of kraft lignin fractions: Discussions on the in chemico antioxidant activity and the induction of oxidative stress on a cell-based in vitro model

Cited by 18 publications

References 81 publications

High-Molecular-Weight Fractions of Spruce and Eucalyptus Lignin as a Perspective Nanoparticle-Based Platform for a Therapy Delivery in Liver Cancer

High-Molecular-Weight Fractions of Spruce and Eucalyptus Lignin as a Perspective Nanoparticle-Based Platform for a Therapy Delivery in Liver Cancer

Red sacaca essential oil-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers optimized by factorial design: cytotoxicity and cellular reactive oxygen species levels

Cellulose Nanofibers from Olive Tree Pruning as Food Packaging Additive of a Biodegradable Film

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