Safety assessment of astaxanthin-rich microalgae biomass: Acute and subchronic toxicity studies in rats

Stewart, John S.; Lignell, Åke; Pettersson, Anders; Elfving, Elisabeth; Soni, Madhu G.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.038

Cited by 117 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Stewart et al 4 gave an astaxanthin-rich biomass of H. pluvialis to rats to assess the possible side effects from consuming approximately 500mg of astaxanthin/kg/day. The authors found no adverse effects from high astaxanthin intake on their blood or biochemical parameters, such as albumin, globulin, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase.…”

Section: Astaxanthin and Chronic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Astaxanthin is naturally present in seafood, such as salmon 12 , shrimp, and lobster 2,13 ; in the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) 4,14,15 ; and in the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (former Phaffia rhodozyma) 16,17 . Nowadays, a large proportion of commercial astaxanthin is produced synthetically 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione) is an important colorant in the salmonid and crustacean aquaculture feed industry 1,2 and, in many countries, it is also used as a dietary supplement 3,4 . By belonging to the class of carotenoids called xanthophylls, astaxanthin shares many of the metabolic and physiological activities attributed to carotenoids; however, astaxanthin has other peculiar chemical properties owing to its molecular structure 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Astaxanthin: structural and functional aspects

Seabra

Pedrosa

2010

Rev. Nutr.

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1 Article based on L.M.J. SEABRA' s thesis project entitled "Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp: components of nutritional importance in meat and processing waste. A B S T R A C TAstaxanthin, a carotenoid belonging to the xanthophyll class, has stirred great interest due to its antioxidant capacity and its possible role in reducing the risk of some diseases. Astaxanthin occurs naturally in microalgae, such as Haematococcus pluvialis and the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma, and has also been considered to be the major carotenoid in salmon and crustaceans. Shrimp processing waste, which is generally discarded, is also an important source of astaxanthin. The antioxidant activity of astaxanthin has been observed to modulate biological functions related to lipid peroxidation, having beneficial effects on chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, macular degeneration and cancer. Researches have shown that both astaxanthin obtained from natural sources and its synthetic counterpart produce satisfactory effects, but studies in humans are limited to natural sources. There is no established nutritional recommendation regarding astaxanthin daily intake but most studies reported beneficial results from a daily intake of 4mg. Thus, this review discusses some aspects of the carotenoid astaxanthin, highlighting its chemical structure and antioxidant activity, and some studies that report its use in humans.Indexing terms: Antioxidants. Astaxanthin. Carotenoids. Chronic diseases. R E S U M O

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Section: Astaxanthin and Chronic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Astaxanthin: structural and functional aspects

Seabra

Pedrosa

2010

Rev. Nutr.

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“…Some reports have indicated that dietary astaxanthin treatment is safe in animals (31,32) and humans (33,34). In this study, astaxanthin caused no apparent abnormality, and there were no body weight changes in the lightexposure group compared with the vehicle-treated group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

The Protective Effects of a Dietary Carotenoid, Astaxanthin, Against Light-Induced Retinal Damage

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Dietary carotenoids exhibit various biological activities, including antioxidative activity. In particular, astaxanthin, a type of carotenoid, is well known as a powerful antioxidant. We investigated whether astaxanthin would protect against light-induced retinal damage. In an in vivo study, ddY male mice were exposed to white light at 8,000 lux for 3 h to induce retinal damage. Five days after light exposure, retinal damage was evaluated by measuring electroretinogram (ERG) amplitude and outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness. Furthermore, expression of apoptotic cells, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), was measured. In an in vitro study, retinal damage was induced by white light exposure at 2,500 lux for 24 h, and propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells was measured and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity was examined. Astaxanthin at 100 mg/kg inhibited the retinal dysfunction in terms of ERG and ONL loss and reduced the expression of apoptotic and 8-OHdG-positive cells induced by light exposure. Furthermore, astaxanthin protected against increases of PI-positive cells and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity in 661W cells. These findings suggest that astaxanthin has protective effects against light-induced retinal damage via the mechanism of its antioxidative effect.

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“…Evidences rats (Stewart et al, 2008) Astaxanthin, a carotenoid with potential in human health and nutrition (Hussein et al, 2006).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae of the Chlorophyceae Class: Potential Nutraceuticals Reducing Oxidative Stress Intensity and Cellular Damage

Blas-Valdivia¹,

Ortiz-Butrón²,

Ruth³

et al. 2012

Oxidative Stress and Diseases

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Safety assessment of astaxanthin-rich microalgae biomass: Acute and subchronic toxicity studies in rats

Cited by 117 publications

References 15 publications

Astaxanthin: structural and functional aspects

Astaxanthin: structural and functional aspects

The Protective Effects of a Dietary Carotenoid, Astaxanthin, Against Light-Induced Retinal Damage

Microalgae of the Chlorophyceae Class: Potential Nutraceuticals Reducing Oxidative Stress Intensity and Cellular Damage

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