Safety Assessment of Castoreum Extract as a Food Ingredient

Burdock, George A.

doi:10.1080/10915810601120145

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…9,10 More recently, castoreum has been extensively used as an ingredient for perfume making and has been categorized by the FDA as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS). 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantiospecific Synthesis and Biological Investigations of a Nuphar Alkaloid: Proposed Structure of a Castoreum Component

Seki

Georg

2014

Eur J Org Chem

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An enantiospecific synthesis of a Nuphar alkaloid was achieved in 9 steps from N-Boc-(L)-proline. The alkaloid is a minor component of castoreum, the dried scent glands of the beaver. During the course of our study, the stereochemistry of three synthetic intermediates was verified by X-ray analysis, which contributes to resolving existing discrepancies among the literature reports regarding the synthesis of this particular compound. Based on our synthesis, we propose the structure of the natural product. Also, intrigued by castoreum’s therapeutic effect, which was used in ancient Greece and Rome for gynecological and other purposes, biological screening was conducted. We found that the alkaloid has affinity for the oxytocin receptor.

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“…9,10 More recently, castoreum has been extensively used as an ingredient for perfume making and has been categorized by the FDA as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS). 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantiospecific Synthesis and Biological Investigations of a Nuphar Alkaloid: Proposed Structure of a Castoreum Component

Seki

Georg

2014

Eur J Org Chem

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“…Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) is a modified cellulose fiber that has a well-characterized safety profile and is available as an ingredient for use in foods in the United States (Burdock, 2007). It is similar to other soluble fibers such as psyllium, guar, pectin and b-glucan in its physical and structural properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose lowers cholesterol in statin-treated men and women with primary hypercholesterolemia

et al. 2009

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Background/Objectives: Consumption of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), a viscous dietary fiber, lowers total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). However, HPMC had not previously been studied in individuals receiving lipid drug therapy. Subjects/Methods: This randomized, double-blind crossover trial examined the lipid effects of HPMC in subjects with hypercholesterolemia on statin therapy. Men (n ¼ 5) and women (n ¼ 8) with LDL-CX2.59 mmol/l after at least 4 weeks of stable-dose statin therapy, and a mean age of 58.6 years, were enrolled. Subjects received twice daily doses of either 2.5 g HPMC or control, delivered in a lemonade beverage for 4 weeks, then crossed over to receive the opposite treatment for an additional 4 weeks. Results: Mean baseline concentrations of TC, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), LDL-C, HDL-C, triglyceride (TG), TC/HDL-C ratio and apolipoprotein (Apo) B were 4.95, 3.63, 3.03, 1.33, 1.30 and 3.89 mmol/l and 1.00 g/l, respectively. HPMC consumption resulted in significantly larger reductions (Po0.01 vs control for all) in TC (À10.9 vs À3.5%), non-HDL-C (À12.8 vs À2.9%), LDL-C (À15.7 vs À5.1%), TC/HDL-C ratio (À5.3 vs þ 1.3%) and Apo B (À8.7 vs À3.9%). There were no differences between treatments for changes in HDL-C (À5.2 vs À4.3%) or TG ( þ 3.9 vs þ 8.9%). Conclusions: These results support the view that HPMC is an effective adjunct to statin therapy for further lowering atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins in men and women with primary hypercholesterolemia.

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“…This is due to salt dispersion and dissociation, which can cause topological disruption in the electrolyte, resulting in a more amorphous phase and makes the electrolyte more flexible. [7][8][9].…”

Section: Morphology Investigation (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulosic polymer has attracted a great deal of attention due to its low cost and its status as the most available resource in nature. HPMC is the most often utilised hydrophilic, biodegradable polymer for film formation, owing to its ability to operate as a pH-independent and viscous gelling agent..Cellulosic polymers, particularly hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are a generally applicable biopolymer matrix for drug administration, coating and food packaging [7][8][9]. HPMC is approved by the FDA for use as a film former, emulsifier, stabilizer, protective colloid, suspending agent, or thickener in the food industry [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Mechanical characteristic study of HPMC polymer composite films

Kumar

Dongre

Demappa

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were extensively known material in packaging, agriculture, medicine, electrolytes in solid state batteries and other areas due to the exceptional biocompatibility and easy production, however shows lower mechanical behaviour. The current investigation was embraced to delineate the effect of potassium iodide (KI) on structural and mechanical properties of biopolymer electrolyte films grounded on Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). The liquidation of the salt into the polymer crowd is done by solution cast technique and the X – Ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used to fix the structural properties of pristine HPMC and composite HPMC films. The crystallinity (Xc) was calculated, the pristine HPMC films shows high level of crystallinity. However improved amorphous spaces of HPMC polymer crowd were exposed in HPMC composite films. The addition of KI had a considerable impact on break elongation. In HPMC, KI showed good intercalation, and large concentrations of KI resulted in crater-like pits on the film surfaces. Reductions in the tensile strength and elastic modulus along with an increase in elongation were noticed in film integrated with KI.

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Safety Assessment of Castoreum Extract as a Food Ingredient

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Enantiospecific Synthesis and Biological Investigations of a Nuphar Alkaloid: Proposed Structure of a Castoreum Component

Enantiospecific Synthesis and Biological Investigations of a Nuphar Alkaloid: Proposed Structure of a Castoreum Component

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose lowers cholesterol in statin-treated men and women with primary hypercholesterolemia

Structural and Mechanical characteristic study of HPMC polymer composite films

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