Safety assessment of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed extract: Acute and subchronic toxicity studies

Tatefuji, Tomoki; Yanagihara, Miyako; Fukushima, Shinobu; Hashimoto, Ken

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2014.02.030

Cited by 55 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A previous study reported that it reduced tumor cell proliferation by 5% in patients with colorectal cancer 49) . In contrast, few studies have examined MSE, with only two demonstrating its safety 29, 50) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mice were fed an AIN-93 semi-purified diet or diet containing several doses of trans -resveratrol or MSE for 1 or 12 weeks. The composition of MSE was shown in Table 1 29) . To evaluate the interaction between trans -resveratrol or MSE and drugs, the mice were fed an AIN-93 semipurified diet or diet containing several doses of trans -resveratrol or MSE for 12 weeks and then administered warfarin racemate (A2250; Sigma-Aldrich Inc., St Louis, MO) (0.33 mg/kg) dissolved in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose or vehicle via an intragastric injection for the last 2 days of the treatment regimen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<i>Trans</i>-Resveratrol Enhances the Anticoagulant Activity of Warfarin in a Mouse Model

Chiba

Kimura

Suzuki

et al. 2016

J Atheroscler Thromb

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Aim: Resveratrol is a popular ingredient in dietary supplements. Some patients concomitantly use dietary supplements and medicines in Japan. In the present study, we determined whether trans-resveratrol and melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed extract (MSE), which contains resveratrol dimers, interacted with drugs using a mouse model.Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed experimental diets containing 0.005%, 0.05%, or 0.5% (w/w) trans-resveratrol or MSE for 1 or 12 weeks. The expression of liver cytochrome P-450 (CYP) mRNA and activity of liver microsomal CYP were measured. To determine the influence of resveratrol or MSE on drug efficacy, the anticoagulant activity of warfarin was examined in mice that were fed diets containing trans-resveratrol or MSE for 12 weeks.Results: When the mice were fed experimental diets for 1 week, none of the doses of trans-resveratrol and MSE affected body weight, liver weight, or plasma AST and ALT levels. Trans-resveratrol also did not affect CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C, or CYP3A activities. In contrast, 0.5% MSE slightly increased CYP1A1 activity. When the mice were fed experimental diets for 12 weeks, 0.05% trans-resveratrol increased CYP1A1, CYP2C, and CYP3A activities, whereas 0.5% MSE suppressed CYP3A activity. Under these conditions, 0.5% trans-resveratrol enhanced the anticoagulant activity of warfarin, although CYP2C activity increased. However, MSE did not affect the anticoagulant activity of warfarin.Conclusion: The 0.05% trans-resveratrol did not interact with warfarin in a mouse model, whereas 0.5% trans-resveratrol may have enhanced the anticoagulant activity of warfarin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Trans</i>-Resveratrol Enhances the Anticoagulant Activity of Warfarin in a Mouse Model

Chiba

Kimura

Suzuki

et al. 2016

J Atheroscler Thromb

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“…In addition, the safety and tolerability of MSE has been demonstrated. 9,10) And furthermore, MSEs decrease serum uric acid regardless of insulin resistance and improve lipid metabolism by increasing HDL cholesterol in human. 10) Therefore, MSE might have beneficial effects on health as a dietary supplement.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The safety of Melinjo seed extract (MSE) has been assessed using acute oral toxicity, repeated-dose toxicity, and micronucleus testing in rats. 9) In a clinical study, no abnormalities were reported. 10,11) MSE is a resveratrol derivative-rich material, containing trans-resveratrol, gnetin C, gnemonoside A (gnetin C diglucoside), gnemonoside D (gnetin C monoglucoside), as well as other derivatives.…”

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confidence: 99%

Resveratrol derivative-rich melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed extract improves obesity and survival of C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet

Ikuta¹,

Saito²,

Tani³

et al. 2015

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…Melinjo seeds are rich in resveratrol dimer derivatives (Gnetin C and its glucosides, Gnetin L) and resveratrol monomer derivatives (isorhapontigenin, trans-resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxy-transstilbene), and trans-pieced). 1,2 Trans-resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound (a group of stilbenes). Melinjo seeds contain trans-resveratrol reported to have multiple pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, 3 lower uric acid, 4 tyrosinase inhibitor, 5 antitumor, lipase and α-amylase inhibitor, antibacterial, and immunomodulator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Ionic Liquid-Based Microwave Assisted Extraction to Obtain Trans-resveratrol from Gnetum gnemon L. Seeds

Ayuningtyas¹,

Rahmawati²,

Sutriyo³

et al. 2017

JYP

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Introduction: Gnetum gnemon L. (Melinjo) is popular in Indonesia as a source of nutrition. Its seeds contain trans-resveratrol, which has been shown to have multiple pharmacological activities. The application of ionic liquid [Bmim]Br as a selected solvent in the microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method was developed for extraction of trans-resveratrol from Melinjo seeds. MAE method with ionic liquid has also been applied to extract trans-resveratrol from the different plant with a high extraction yield value. Methods: The Box-Behnken design on four factors with response surface methodology were used to optimize extraction conditions for transresveratrol content from Melinjo seeds. For further, the various salt was applied to separate of the trans-resveratrol form ionic liquid and facilitate for extraction back using an organic solvent. Results: The optimum process for the ionic liquid-based microwave assisted extraction was below: [Bmim]Br concentration 2.5 mol/L; liquid-melinjo seeds powder ratio 15 mL/g; microwave power 10%; and extraction time 10 min. Under optimized conditions, the trans-resveratrol value was 1.34 mg/g. Moreover, the salt Na 2 CO 3 0. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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Safety assessment of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed extract: Acute and subchronic toxicity studies

Cited by 55 publications

References 28 publications

<i>Trans</i>-Resveratrol Enhances the Anticoagulant Activity of Warfarin in a Mouse Model

<i>Trans</i>-Resveratrol Enhances the Anticoagulant Activity of Warfarin in a Mouse Model

Resveratrol derivative-rich melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed extract improves obesity and survival of C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet

Optimization of Ionic Liquid-Based Microwave Assisted Extraction to Obtain Trans-resveratrol from Gnetum gnemon L. Seeds

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