Safety assessment of SDA soybean oil: Results of a 28-day gavage study and a 90-day/one generation reproduction feeding study in rats

Hammond, Bruce G.; Lemen, Joan K.; Ahmed, Gulam; Miller, Kathleen D.; Kirkpatrick, Jeannie B.; Fleeman, T.L.

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.08.015

Cited by 43 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The safety of SDA was investigated in previous human studies of SDA-containing oils, with SDA intakes ranging from 1 to 4 g/d (24,56) and in 28-d and 90-d rat studies at doses up to 4 g/kg body weight daily with no SDA-specific adverse effects reported (57). Furthermore, SDAenriched soybean oil has recently obtained Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status for use as a food ingredient in the United States (58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake of stearidonic acid–enriched soybean oil increases the omega-3 index: randomized, double-blind clinical study of efficacy and safety

Lemke

Vicini

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

102

120

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake of stearidonic acid–enriched soybean oil increases the omega-3 index: randomized, double-blind clinical study of efficacy and safety

Lemke

Vicini

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

102

120

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“…Meanwhile, the biotechnology companies Monsanto and Solae LLC successfully bred transgenic soybean plants producing 5 to 8% GLA and 15 to 30% SDA. These transgenic soybean plants have now been commercialized after passing a safety assessment [52]. Ruiz-López et al [53] expressed a Δ6 desaturase from Primula vialii in linseed, and the transgenic plants accumulated 13.4% SDA without any GLA in their lipids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic expression of delta-6 and delta-15 fatty acid desaturases enhances omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803

Gao

Wang

et al. 2014

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundPolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which contain two or more double bonds in their backbone, are the focus of intensive global research, because of their nutritional value, medicinal applications, and potential use as biofuel. However, the ability to produce these economically important compounds is limited, because it is both expensive and technically challenging to separate omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) from natural oils. Although the biosynthetic pathways of some plant and microalgal ω-3 PUFAs have been deciphered, current understanding of the correlation between fatty acid desaturase content and fatty acid synthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 is incomplete.ResultsWe constructed a series of homologous vectors for the endogenous and exogenous expression of Δ6 and Δ15 fatty acid desaturases under the control of the photosynthesis psbA2 promoter in transgenic Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. We generated six homologous recombinants, harboring various fatty acid desaturase genes from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, Gibberella fujikuroi and Mortierella alpina. These lines produced up to 8.9 mg/l of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and 4.1 mg/l of stearidonic acid (SDA), which are more than six times the corresponding wild-type levels, at 20°C and 30°C. Thus, transgenic expression of Δ6 and Δ15 fatty acid desaturases enhances the accumulation of specific ω-3 PUFAs in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803.ConclusionsIn the blue-green alga Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, overexpression of endogenous and exogenous genes encoding PUFA desaturases markedly increased accumulation of ALA and SDA and decreased accumulation of linoleic acid and γ-linolenic acid. This study lays the foundation for increasing the fatty acid content of cyanobacteria and, ultimately, for producing nutritional and medicinal products with high levels of essential ω-3 PUFAs.

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“…However, only traces of SDA can be found in humans and very little SDA occurs in the human diet. Consequently, SDA soybean oil underwent studies, including a 28-day sub-chronic rat toxicity study with 90-day reproductive and developmental toxicity [18], to establish safe levels of intake in rodents; and SDA soybean oil was subjected to GRAS determination with formal FDA review.…”

Section: Legitimate Scientific Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

Tempest in a Tea Pot: How did the Public Conversation on Genetically Modified Crops Drift so far from the Facts?

Goldstein

2014

J. Med. Toxicol.

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The debate over genetically modified (GM) crops has raged in Europe since 1996, but had barely risen above a whisper in the USA until recent labeling debates raised public attention. This article will explain GM crops and traits discuss safety assessment provide a view on safety from authoritative organizations discuss selected issues of current debate, and provide the author’s perspective as to why the public debate has drifted so far from scientific reality. The economic and environmental benefits of GM crops are beyond scope, but references are provided. GM food and feed undergo comprehensive assessments using recognized approaches to assure they are as safe as the conventional congener. Issues of food safety and nutrition, unrelated to the GM process, may arise when GM foods display novel components or composition. Unanticipated genetic effects in GM crops appear to be limited in contrast to existing variations among conventional varieties resulting from breeding, mutation, and natural mobile genetic elements. Allergenic potential is assessed when selecting genes for introduction into GM crops and remains a theoretical risk to date. Emerging weed and insect resistance is not unique to GM technology and will require the use of integrated pest management/best practices for pest control. Gene flow from GM crops to wild relatives is limited by existing biological barriers but can at time be a relevant consideration in gene selection and planting practices. Insect-resistant GM crops have significantly reduced use of chemical insecticides and appear to have reduced the incidence of pesticide poisoning in areas where small scale farming and hand application are common. Changes in herbicide patterns are more complex and are evolving over time in response to weed resistance management needs. Recent public debate is driven by a combination of unfounded allegations about the technology and purveyors, pseudoscience, and attempts to apply a strict precautionary principle.

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Safety assessment of SDA soybean oil: Results of a 28-day gavage study and a 90-day/one generation reproduction feeding study in rats

Cited by 43 publications

References 38 publications

Dietary intake of stearidonic acid–enriched soybean oil increases the omega-3 index: randomized, double-blind clinical study of efficacy and safety

Dietary intake of stearidonic acid–enriched soybean oil increases the omega-3 index: randomized, double-blind clinical study of efficacy and safety

Transgenic expression of delta-6 and delta-15 fatty acid desaturases enhances omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803

Tempest in a Tea Pot: How did the Public Conversation on Genetically Modified Crops Drift so far from the Facts?

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