Safety Assessment of the Integration of Road Weather Information Systems and Variable Message Signs in British Columbia

Abstract

Adverse weather conditions create an environment in which it is difficult for drivers to navigate safely. Reducing weather-related collisions is a target for road safety professionals in British Columbia (BC), Canada. This study reports the safety benefits of installing road weather information systems (RWISs) coupled with variable message signs (VMSs) on provincial rural highways in BC. The RWIS/VMS system comprises road and weather sensors, as well as two VMSs. The road and weather sensors collect data on pavement surfaces and weather conditions. Information on adverse road/weather conditions are conveyed to road users via the VMSs. The system had been installed at six different locations on rural undivided highways in BC between 2011 and 2014. The analysis made use of police-attended serious crashes (i.e., fatal + injury) that took place during winter seasons. Depending on the implementation date, three or four winter seasons were available as a before-implementation period, while three to six winter seasons were available as an after-implementation period. An Empirical Bayes (EB) approach was employed to ensure that the evaluation results were reliable and to account for the regression-to-the-mean artifact. Safety performance functions (SPFs) were developed using data collected at similar sites. The EB evaluation results showed an overall statistically significant reduction of 32.7% in all winter serious collisions (WSC). An economic evaluation showed that the systems led to a benefit-cost ratio of 4.8 and an overall net present value of more than Can$12 million. The results of this study may motivate transportation agencies and stakeholders to pursue similar systems for mitigating weather-related safety problems.

Time‐aware gated recurrent unit networks for forecasting road surface friction using historical data with missing values

“…Road surface friction is defined as the resistance to the motion between vehicle and road surface, which has a strong influence on the distance, which is required for a vehicle to decelerate and the minimum required reaction time when a vehicle requires to break for avoiding collisions [1]. In the winter season, road surface friction reduces substantially caused by dramatically decreasing air temperature, which is one of the major causal factors of car accidents [2,3]. FHWA reports that, in the United States, the majority of traffic accidents were reported to happen during wet or icy road surface conditions, where 73% of accidents occurred on wet pavements, and 17% on snow or sleet [4].…”