Safety Assessment of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols as Used in Cosmetics

Fiume, Monice M.; Bergfeld, Wilma F.; Belsito, D.; Hill, Ronald A.; Klaassen, Curtis D.; Liebler, D.C.; Marks, James G.; Shank, Ronald C.; Slaga, Thomas J.; Snyder, Paul W.; Andersen, F. Alan; Heldreth, Bart

doi:10.1177/1091581818794455

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Splits is the kernel commercial term for the botanical cotyledons. That cotyledons contain more fat than embryos (Uaciquete & Manjate, 2019), explains the high concentrations of tocotrienols, as lipophilic molecules (Fiume et al., 2018), along with fats in splits. The splits also showed higher concentrations of tocotrienols than white wholes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the first report showing the profile of specific fatty acid distribution among different commercial cashew kernel grades. Most of the previous publications focused on the cashew kernel in relation to other nuts (Chung et al., 2013; Fiume et al., 2018; Griffin & Dean, 2017) or simply provided the proximate composition (Okonkwo & Ozoude, 2015) or provided profiles in derivatives such as oil (Kosoko et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2019), flour (Emelike et al., 2015; Ogungbenle & Afolayan, 2015) or butter (Jegede et al., 2020). In a preliminary study using the AOAC method (AOCS, 1983), total fat content was found to be significantly lower in BB grade (33.8 versus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of two postharvest technologies on the micronutrient profile of cashew kernels from Mozambique

Uaciquete

Ferreira

Lehnert

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The economics involved in processing cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale) might alter micronutrient profiles and concentrations. We analyzed and evaluated carotenoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids in (1) cashew kernels with testa recovered from nuts dried with and without the apple, and (2) testa‐free industrial grade baby butts, splits, and white whole kernels using HPLC, ICP‐OES, and GC‐MS techniques. The results indicated that drying cashews with the respective apple slightly decreased the concentration of some carotenoids and total fatty and amino acids, but increased the concentration of iron, magnesium, and total tocotrienols compared with the conventionally (sun‐) dried kernels. We also found high concentrations of carotenoids in the testa‐containing kernels. Among the industrially processed kernel, baby butt grade was associated with lower content of β‐carotene, total tocopherols, and tocotrienols, but with significantly higher concentrations in minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids than in white wholes and split grades. Conventional sun drying of cashew nuts revealed results similar to drying with apples regarding micronutrient concentrations. The high micronutrient content of industrial grade BB is reflected in widespread human consumption and better market value.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of two postharvest technologies on the micronutrient profile of cashew kernels from Mozambique

Uaciquete

Ferreira

Lehnert

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The safety and efficacy of tocotrienols have been clearly demonstrated in various research and reviews, both in human and animal studies (35)(36)(37)(38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Palm Oil Vitamin E in Preventing Pre-eclampsia: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial Following ISSHP Reclassification

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Preeclampsia is a significant cause of maternal and perinatal mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress plays a key role in its pathophysiology, hence antioxidants such as tocotrienol may be preventive against preeclampsia. In 2018, the ISSHP revised the definition of preeclampsia. In accordance with the new definition, we report a secondary data analysis from a clinical trial comparing palm oil vitamin E in the form of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) against placebo, in preventing preeclampsia.Method: A randomized double-blind controlled trial was conducted in 2002–2005 to assess the benefits of TRF in preeclampsia prevention. A total of 299 primigravidae were recruited. The intervention group was supplemented with TRF 100 mg daily in super-olein capsules, whereas the placebo group was prescribed super-olein capsules without TRF, beginning from 12 to 16 gestational weeks until delivery. The primary outcome measure was incidence of preeclampsia.Results: The total incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) was 5%, whereas the incidence of preeclampsia was 2.3%. The odds of developing PIH (adjusted OR 0.254; 95% CI: 0.07–0.93; p–value 0.038) and preeclampsia (adjusted OR 0.030; 95% CI: 0.001–0.65; p-value 0.025) were significantly lower in the TRF arm compared to the placebo arm.Conclusion: Antenatal supplementation with palm oil vitamin E in the form of TRF is associated with significant reductions in the incidence of preeclampsia and PIH in a single urban tertiary hospital. Palm oil vitamin E deserves further scrutiny as a potential public health preventive measure against preeclampsia and PIH.

show abstract

“…Protective effects of α-TP against cell damage caused by peroxidants and UV irradiation were reported [ 4 – 6 ]. Synthesized α-TP is used in cosmetics due to its antioxidant and skin-conditioning activities [ 7 ]. The major risk factor for skin cancer in humans is prolonged exposure to UV light from the sun [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

α-Tocopherol phosphate as a photosensitizer in the reaction of nucleosides with UV light: formation of 5,6-dihydrothymidine

Suzuki

Ono

2022

Genes and Environ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction α-Tocopherol phosphate, a natural water-soluble α-tocopherol analog, exists in biological tissues and fluids. Synthesized α-tocopherol phosphate is used as an ingredient of cosmetics. Findings When a neutral mixed solution of 2′-deoxycytidine, 2′-deoxyguanosine, thymidine, and 2′-deoxyadenosine was irradiated with UV light at wavelengths longer than 300 nm in the presence of α-tocopherol phosphate, thymidine was markedly consumed in an α-tocopherol phosphate dose-dependent manner, whereas other nucleosides only slightly decreased. Two major product peaks were detected in an HPLC chromatogram. The products were identified as diastereomers of 5,6-dihydrothymidine. The addition of radical scavengers had almost no effects on the generation of 5,6-dihydrothymidine, whereas the reactions of nucleosides other than thymidine were suppressed. Trolox, another water-soluble α-tocopherol analog, did not generate 5,6-dihydrothymidine, although all nucleosides were slightly consumed. When UV irradiation of thymidine with α-tocopherol phosphate was conducted in D2O, two deuterium atoms were added to 5 and 6 positions of thymidine with both syn and anti configurations. The ratio of syn and anti configurations alternated depending on pD of the solution. Conclusions The results indicate that α-tocopherol phosphate is a photosensitizer of nucleosides, especially thymidine, and that it introduces two hydrogen atoms to thymidine from H2O, generating 5,6-dihydrothymidine.

show abstract

Safety Assessment of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols as Used in Cosmetics

Cited by 32 publications

References 61 publications

Effect of two postharvest technologies on the micronutrient profile of cashew kernels from Mozambique

Effect of two postharvest technologies on the micronutrient profile of cashew kernels from Mozambique

Role of Palm Oil Vitamin E in Preventing Pre-eclampsia: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial Following ISSHP Reclassification

α-Tocopherol phosphate as a photosensitizer in the reaction of nucleosides with UV light: formation of 5,6-dihydrothymidine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About