Safety behavior among Iowa junior high and high school students.

Schootman, Mario; Fuortes, Laurence J.; Zwerling, Craig; Albanese, Mark A.; Watson, Carole-Ann

doi:10.2105/ajph.83.11.1628

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although survey studies for ATVs 16 and mopeds 36 previously showed lower reported helmet use among rural vs. urban youth, this is the first study to show that helmet use is independently associated with rurality for ATVs. These data also suggest that lack of a helmet safety culture may be more pronounced in smaller rural communities.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Using Geospatial Mapping to Determine the Impact of All-Terrain Vehicle Crashes on Both Rural and Urban Communities

Qin¹,

Jennissen²,

Wadman³

et al. 2017

WestJEM

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IntroductionDeaths and injuries from all-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes result in approximately 700 deaths each year and more than 100,000 emergency department (ED) visits. Common misconceptions about ATV crashes are a significant barrier to injury prevention efforts, as is the lack of key information about where and how crashes occur. The purpose of this study was to determine ATV crash patterns within a state, and to compare and contrast characteristics of these crashes as a function of crash-site rurality.MethodsWe performed descriptive, comparative, and regression analyses using a statewide off-road vehicle crash and injury database (2002–2013). Comparisons were performed by rurality as defined using the Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) coding system, and we used geographic information system (GIS) software to map crash patterns at the zip code and county levels.ResultsATV crashes occurred throughout the state; 46% occurred in urban and 54% in rural zip code areas. Comparisons of rider and crash characteristics by rurality showed similarities by sex, age, seating position, on vs. off the road, and crash mechanism. Conversely, helmet use was significantly lower among victims of isolated rural crashes as compared to other victims (p=0.004). Crashes in isolated rural and small rural areas accounted for only 39% of all crashes but resulted in 62% of fatalities. In both rural and urban areas, less than one-quarter of roadway injuries were traffic related. Relative crash rates varied by county, and unique patterns were observed for crashes involving youth and roadway riders. During the study period, 10% and 50% of all crashes occurred in 2% and 20% of the state’s counties, respectively.ConclusionThis study suggests that ATV crashes are a public health concern for both rural and urban communities. However, isolated rural ATV crash victims were less likely to be helmeted, and rural victims were over-represented among fatalities. Traffic was not the major factor in roadway crashes in either rural or urban areas. Unique crash patterns for different riding populations suggest that injury prevention experts and public policy makers should consider the potential impact of geographical location when developing injury prevention interventions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Using Geospatial Mapping to Determine the Impact of All-Terrain Vehicle Crashes on Both Rural and Urban Communities

Qin¹,

Jennissen²,

Wadman³

et al. 2017

WestJEM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Males in this study were more likely to visit the beach alone and also be more likely to be far from others in the water. Schootman et al (1993) found that 15% (n = 338) of junior high and high school students had often or always swum alone. In a national survey of New Zealand youth, Moran (2006a) found that almost half of respondents had swum alone (n = 1,026; 47%) or undertaken other aquatic activity (n = 867; 42%) alone in the previous year.…”

Section: Always Swim With Others (Message 2: Keep Yourself Safe)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Evidence to support the safety benefits of swimming with others is surprisingly sparse. Some research suggests that at-risk behaviors are common in those who swim alone (Smith & Brenner, 1995;Schootman, Fuortes, Zwerling, Albanese, & Watson, 1993). Morgan, Ozanne-Smith, and Triggs (2009) reported that most beachgoers preferred to be close to others when in the water, with more females than males stating this preference (females 81%, males 62%).…”

Section: Always Swim With Others (Message 2: Keep Yourself Safe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Where the Evidence and Expert Opinion Meet: A Review of Open-Water Recreational Safety Messages

Moran¹,

Quan²,

Franklin³

et al. 2011

IJARE

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Open water aquatic recreation is a significant cause of drowning, especially in developed countries that have easy access to aquatic environments. To simplify the plethora of safety messages promoted worldwide, 18 experts from 12 countries formed the International Task Force on Open Water Drowning Prevention (ITFDP) and published 16 generic, nonboating, open water safety messages. This paper examines the supporting evidence for the messages and makes recommendations for future research. A systematic review was undertaken of the literature published from 1990 to 2010. Task force members were asked to provide the Secretariat with organizational recommendations or the evidence base that informed their decision making. The review identified strong evidence bases for the importance of supervision and alcohol avoidance. Several messages were supported by some evidence such as lifeguards, CPR training, and life jacket use. The remaining messages had some supporting data and/or were organizational recommendations but lacked evidence demonstrating their efficacy. It identified where evidence to substantiate axiomatic wisdom is lacking and where research is needed to address gaps in our current knowledge of drowning prevention.

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“…Follow-up studies are necessary to examine whether the effects of bereavement on health risk behaviors become more apparent with time, particularly as offspring age and are exposed to more situations involving violence and alcohol or other drugs. Age 14 years is a critical period for the initiation of sexual behavior and alcohol consumption, and seatbelt use has been shown to decrease with increasing age 37,38. Intercorrelations of health risk behaviors are recognized as a target for preventive interventions 39.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%