Safety Critical Embedded Software: Significance and Approach to Reliability

Prabhu, Shobha S.; Kapil, Hem; Lakshmaiah, Shashirekha H

doi:10.1109/icacci.2018.8554566

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…According to [11], safety is determined by the possibility of failures leading to a hazardous situation. Hazard analysis is commonly used to identify the proper sources of potential failures, risks, and impacts (due to failure/malfunction) in the early stage of the design process [12,13]. It is an iterative method that also establishes the necessary measures to deal with associated risks.…”

Section: Safety-critical Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a couple of the aforementioned failures are software-related. However, most failures, in general, can be attributed to the underevaluation of safety procedures during the design and development phase of the system [11][12][13]. Hence, the functional and non-functional requirements of safety-critical RTOS must be certified by recognized safety standards to be allowed for use [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, functional criteria including (but not limited to) access control, fixedpriority-based scheduling, interrupt and dispatch latency, local and remote system security, overload handling, and transient fault handling remain at large [23][24][25][26]. Even non-functional requirements, such as inefficient software development processes, development team miscommunication, and failure to recognize system requirements, are still ongoing [11][12][13]. All of these have a severe impact on the reliability and security of safety-critical real-time operating systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Security and Reliability of Safety-Critical RTOS

Luna

Islam

2021

SN COMPUT. SCI.

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Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) presents a computing environment with the ability to react to events within a strictlydefined period. Modern domain-specific (e.g., aerospace, industrial control, defense, and medical) embedded systems include safety-critical applications whose failures would result in catastrophic events. Such systems avoid the general-purpose operating system and leverage RTOS to work in increasingly dynamic and harsh environments. Moreover, many of these systems operate over networks, making them susceptible to various attacks. Hence, the reliability and security of embedded systems running on top of RTOS are equally important. Although research on these two crucial components has been conducted and presented for traditional operating systems, there has been a significant research thrust on RTOS due to the recent emergence of the internet of things (IoT). This article presents an in-depth and systematic review of the security and reliability of safety-critical systems. We highlight the best practices and recent research efforts and their feasibility in the context of safety-critical RTOS. We compare the solutions qualitatively and discuss their pros and cons. We conclude the article with open-ended research questions.

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Section: Safety-critical Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Security and Reliability of Safety-Critical RTOS

Luna

Islam

2021

SN COMPUT. SCI.

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“…human injury, property damage). Therefore, the development process typically requires the software to be sufficiently verified before releasing the products [8]. The verification cost is expensive and grows fast as the assurance level and software size increase [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

iSotEE: A Hypervisor Middleware for IoT-Enabled Resource-Constrained Reliable Systems

Takada

2022

IEEE Access

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Embedded systems for critical applications are often based on resource-constrained devices to meet the requirements like performance predictability and energy consumption. To deal with the increased software complexity, many of these systems have adopted reliable RTOSes (Real-Time Operating Systems) with advanced protection functionalities. Meanwhile, the concept of IoT (Internet of Things) is gaining momentum. Many IoT OSes, specialized to provide the large software stack required by IoT applications, have been released. Nevertheless, neither reliable RTOS nor IoT OS can satisfy all the requirements of IoT-enabled reliable systems. Dual-OS configuration (i.e. the coexistence of reliable RTOS and IoT OS) is a promising approach to achieve high reliability and productivity simultaneously. Existing dual-OS solutions, however, depend on additional hardware features (e.g. virtualization extensions, ARM TrustZone), which are unavailable in most resource-constrained devices. This paper presents iSotEE (iSolated Execution Environment), a middleware allowing IoT OS to run inside an isolated environment on top of a reliable RTOS without special hardware. Open-source implementations of iSotEE for Renesas RX (with TOPPERS/HRP3 as reliable RTOS, Amazon FreeRTOS as IoT OS) and ARMv7-M (with two configurations of Zephyr as reliable RTOS and IoT OS) architectures are provided and evaluated. The results show that iSotEE can create reliable systems with a small footprint for resource-constrained devices, high real-time performance for critical applications, and high productivity and throughput for IoT applications.INDEX TERMS Embedded software, Internet of Things, real-time systems, reliability.

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Effectiveness of Software Metrics on Reliability for Safety Critical Real-Time Software

Prabhu

Shashirekha

2021

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

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Safety Critical Embedded Software: Significance and Approach to Reliability

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Security and Reliability of Safety-Critical RTOS

Security and Reliability of Safety-Critical RTOS

iSotEE: A Hypervisor Middleware for IoT-Enabled Resource-Constrained Reliable Systems

Effectiveness of Software Metrics on Reliability for Safety Critical Real-Time Software

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