Safety Culture among Private and Professional Drivers in Norway and Greece: Examining the Influence of National Road Safety Culture

Abstract

While Norway had the lowest road mortality rate in Europe in 2017, Greece had one of the worst road safety records of all EU-27 countries. The present study investigates road safety culture (RSC) as an explanation for this discrepancy by: (1) Comparing the road safety behaviours among professional and private drivers in Norway and Greece, (2) Examining factors influencing road safety behaviours, focusing especially on national road safety culture, and (3) Examining the influence of road safety behaviours and other factors (e.g., demographic and work-related variables) on accident involvement. This is done by comparing survey answers of private car (N = 796) and professional drivers (heavy goods vehicles and buses) in Norway and Greece (N = 416). Results from qualitative interviews (N = 61) are also presented. We study safety behaviours hypothesized to vary according to nationality (e.g., aggressive violations), and behaviours hypothesized to vary according to the professional versus private driver dimension (e.g., seat belt use). A central objective is to examine whether the former safety behaviours are more similar among private and professional drivers within countries than among professional and private drivers across national samples, indicating common national road safety cultures among private and professional drivers in the respective countries. The results indicate that aggressive violations are more similar among private and professional drivers within the national samples, than across the national samples, while seat belt use seems to vary according to the professional versus private dimension. The results also indicate a relationship between aggressive violations and accident involvement, although other variables were more strongly correlated. Moreover, drivers’ safety behaviours were influenced by the behaviours that these groups ascribed to other drivers in their countries, indicating the existence of different national road safety cultures. The Greek RSC was characterized by more aggression and violations than the Norwegian RSC, which seemed to be characterized by a higher level of compliance and politeness. The different RSCs may perhaps shed light on the different accident records in the two countries.

Safety Culture Among Car Drivers and Motorcycle Riders in Norway and Greece: Examining the Influence of Nationality, Region, and Transport Mode

“…There are no commonly accepted definitions of road safety culture (Edwards et al, 2014). As noted, we define RSC as shared patterns of behavior, shared norms prescribing certain road safety behaviors, and thus shared expectations regarding the behaviors of others (Naevestad et al, 2019a). In the present study, shared norms prescribing certain road safety behaviors are operationalized as descriptive norms, which refer to individuals' perceptions of what other people (in the relevant reference group) actually do (Cialdini et al, 1991).…”

“…Previous studies also indicate that road safety culture (RSC) in sociocultural contexts that are not work organizations (nations, regions, communities, peer-groups), is important, as it influences road safety behaviors, which in turn influence drivers' accident involvement (cf. Naevestad et al, 2019a). Thus, by influencing RSC, we may be able to reduce road fatalities and injuries.…”

“…Thus, by influencing RSC, we may be able to reduce road fatalities and injuries. We define RSC as shared patterns of behavior, shared norms prescribing certain road safety behaviors and thus, shared expectations regarding the behaviors of others (Naevestad et al, 2019a).…”

The Effects of the Driver’s Mental State and Passenger Compartment Conditions on Driving Performance and Driving Stress

“…In our experiment, the initial level of stress and fatigue has a strong impact on driving behavior and driving stress. The relationship between stress and road safety has been verified by many authors [ 97 , 98 ]. Several studies have corroborated that a high level of stress increases errors and traffic violations.…”

Accident Risk in the Production Sector of EU Countries—Cohort Studies

“…The above list shows the existence of a tendency of an increase in the accident risk along with an increase in the GDP of a given country. Initially, it could be stated that countries with higher GDP have a greater risk of injury, but other evidence [ 19 ] suggests that countries with a higher GDP tend to have a more highly evolved safety culture. This culture is shaped by large corporations, which, while increasing the level of safety, also implement programmes recording a larger number of accident incidents, which, in countries with lower GDP, are ignored in statistics.…”