Safety Culture Oversight: An Intangible Concept for Tangible Issues within Nuclear Installations

Bernard, Benoît

doi:10.3390/safety4040045

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…to be curtailed at the earliest stages of reactor design. This is primarily because of the heavy capital investment involved, as well as the continuous looming danger of damage to the reactor [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Helium is formed as a consequence of the transmutation process in the nuclear reactor and is an unwanted byproduct that alters the requisite properties of Ni, more often negatively [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of helium on thermal transport properties in single- and bi-crystals of Ni: a study based on molecular dynamics

Sharma,

Parashar

2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Nuclear structures are prone to irradiation induced defects that makes them susceptible to alternation in mechanical and thermal properties. Transmutation of Ni to insoluble He atoms are considered responsible for the embrittlement in Ni. Helium bubbles are considered responsible for the deterioration of mechanical and thermal properties of the Ni crystal, which needs to be studied in detail to predict the lifespan of the ageing nuclear structures. Aim of this article is to study the effect of helium on the thermal transport phenomenon in single and bi-crystals of Ni. Molecular dynamics-based simulations in conjunction with hybrid force field was performed to study the effect of helium bubble on the thermal transport phenomenon in Ni crystal. These simulations were further extended to study the effect of symmetrical tilt grain boundaries (STGB) in conjunction with doping of helium atoms on the thermal transport phenomenon in bicrystal Ni. The effect of helium concentration in the bubble significantly alters the thermal transport in single crystal Ni. The STGB configuration also introduces interfacial thermal resistance as a function of mis-orientation angle. The helium doped grain boundaries further increases the resistance to phonon movement and increases Kapitza resistance. The increase in Kapitza resistance was more dominant in higher mis-orientation angle grain boundaries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of helium on thermal transport properties in single- and bi-crystals of Ni: a study based on molecular dynamics

Sharma,

Parashar

2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…Catastrophic failures of nuclear structures, if they happen, are to be learnt from and this will lead to a continuous improvement in structural strength [1]. These improvements are both in developing new concepts as well as in upgrading existing systems [2]. From the advent of nuclear power generation, scientists have been aware of the potential hazards of * Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomistic simulations to study the effects of helium bubbles on crack tip behavior in single crystal Ni

Sharma¹,

Parashar²

2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Safety of nuclear reactors is an issue that constantly hovers in the mind of the designers. Helium embrittlement in nickel-based alloys poses challenges hitherto unfathomed in the nuclear industry. Experimental and theoretical studies have revealed that helium bubbles have a detrimental effect on mechanical properties of nickel. However, the exact mechanism governing helium-induced embrittlement has not been properly explored. In the present work, the effect of various configurations of helium bubbles on the mechanical properties of nickel crystal has been investigated using atomistic simulations. The effect of various orientations of the crack plane and direction in the face centered cubic crystal of Ni was studied in conjunction with helium bubbles. In the three orientations of the crack, deformation was governed by Shockley and stair rod type dislocation in two of the orientations, while twinning and Lomer Cottrell locks govern the deformation in the third orientation. Despite the fact that helium bubbles reduce the strength of a single crystal of Ni containing a centrally embedded crack, an increase in the number of helium atoms has a negligible effect of the toughness of the material. Switching between the spatial coordinates of a helium bubble in front of the crack tip significantly affects the strength of the single crystal Ni. The results indicate that consideration of the geometry of the crystal along with modulation of helium clusters is an effective means to understand various defects in Ni crystals.

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“…A comprehensive literature review indicates that the implementation of SMS is related to positive safety outcomes [3]. SMS is legally required as a tool for implementing safety culture in several high-risk industries, e.g., the nuclear sector [4], aviation [5,6], and oil and gas (e.g., [7]). SMS denote the formal aspects of safety in organizations ("how things should be done").…”

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work-Related Accident Prevention in Norwegian Road and Maritime Transport: Examining the Influence of Different Sector Rules

2021

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About 36% of fatal road accidents in Norway involve at least one driver who is “at work”. It has been argued that the implementation of rules clearly defining the responsibility of road transport companies to prevent work related accidents, by implementing safety management systems (SMS), could lead to increased safety. In the present study we tested the validity of this suggestion, by examining the influence of different sector rules on work-related accident prevention in Norwegian road and maritime transport. In contrast to the road sector, the maritime sector has had rules requiring SMS for over 20 years, clearly defining the shipping companies responsibility for prevention of work-related accidents. The aims of the study were to: (1) examine how the different sector rules influence perceptions of whether the responsibility to prevent work-related accidents is clearly defined in each sector; and (2) compare respondents’ perceptions of the quality of their sectors’ efforts to prevent work-related accidents, and factors influencing this. The study was based on a small-scale survey (N = 112) and qualitative interviews with sector experts (N = 17) from companies, authorities, and NGOs in the road and the maritime sectors. Results indicate that respondents in the maritime sector perceive the responsibility to prevent work-related accidents as far more clearly defined, and they rate their sector’s efforts to prevent accidents as higher than respondents in road. Multivariate analyses indicate that this is related to the scope of safety regulations in the sectors studied, controlled for several important framework conditions. Based on the results, we conclude that the implementation of SMS rules focused on transport companies’ responsibility to prevent work-related accidents could improve safety in the road sector. However, due to barriers to SMS implementation in the road sector, we suggest starting with a simplified version of SMS.

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Safety Culture Oversight: An Intangible Concept for Tangible Issues within Nuclear Installations

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of helium on thermal transport properties in single- and bi-crystals of Ni: a study based on molecular dynamics

Effect of helium on thermal transport properties in single- and bi-crystals of Ni: a study based on molecular dynamics

Atomistic simulations to study the effects of helium bubbles on crack tip behavior in single crystal Ni

Work-Related Accident Prevention in Norwegian Road and Maritime Transport: Examining the Influence of Different Sector Rules

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