Safety design for smart Electric Vehicle charging with current and multiplexing control

Abstract

As Electric Vehicles (EVs) increase, charging infrastructure becomes more important. When during the day there is a power shortage, the charging infrastructure should have the options to either shut off the power to the charging stations or to lower the power to the EVs in order to satisfy the needs of the grid. This paper proposes a design for a smart charging infrastructure capable of providing power to several EVs from one circuit by multiplexing power and providing charge control and safety systems to prevent electric shock. The safety design is implemented in different levels that include both the server and the smart charging stations. With this smart charging infrastructure, the shortage of energy in a local grid could be solved by our EV charging management system.

Master-Slave Control Scheme in Electric Vehicle Smart Charging Infrastructure

“…The processes involving the collaboration between the server and the charging stations such as the smart charging algorithm [ 13 ], safety requirement [ 14 ], and the RFID authentication and authorization [ 15 ] are the prior arts in publications. In order to fully utilize the power resource on local grid and improve the performance of the PEV charging infrastructure in the management of charging sessions or current control, the collaboration between the master (server) and the slave (local controller) is required.…”

“…Although the authors in [ 20 ] claim the GFCI of a networked charging station can be reset remotely, no details of control methods or schematics are presented. To provide a safe smart technology for charging PEVs, a design for the safety system is presented in [ 14 ], which is implemented on all levels of control. The administrator can turn the relays of the charging stations on or off and check their status by sending out commands.…”

“…There are three subsystems in UCLA WINSmartEV smart charging infrastructure including the control system, the communication system, and the metering system. Some special features such as smart charging algorithms [ 13 ], safety requirement integration [ 14 ], and RFID mesh network system for user authentication and authorization [ 15 ] are developed based on the existing hardware and software. Figure 1 shows the network architecture of WINSmartEV.…”

A review of spatial localization methodologies for the electric vehicle charging infrastructure

“…Market penetration scenarios for CS and EV (Foley & Gallach oir, 2015;Nemry & Brons, 2010;Pl€ otz, Gnann, K€ uhn, & Wietschel, 2013) are investigated issues in the EV sector as well, but are also discarded due to the specific review focus without a CS locating approach. Articles about safety aspects (Chung et al, 2013;Gao, Farley, Ginart, & Tse, 2016), authentication and privacy at the charging points (H€ ofer, Petit, Schmidt, & Kargl, 2013;Li, D an, & Nahrstedt, 2015;Saini, 2015), social aspects of EV adoption (Elbanhawy, 2015(Elbanhawy, , 2016Halbey, Kowalewski, & Ziefle, 2015), driver barriers (Haddadian, 2015), and user preferences (Philipsen, Schmidt, & Ziefle, 2015) are also excluded.…”

Smart electric vehicle charging infrastructure overview

“…This is accomplished in the J1772 box with a current transformer that outputs a small voltage in proportion to the current difference in the two hot wires. The voltage is then amplified and used to shut down the coil voltage to the power relay, shutting off power the EV [14].…”