Safety Evaluation in the Home of Polyvinyl Chloride Resin Strip Containing Dichlorvos (DDVP)

Leary, John S.; Keane, William T.; Fontenot, Cleve; Feichtmeir, Edmund F.; Schultz, D I; Koos, Bela A.; Hirsch, Louis A.; Lavor, Edward M.; Roan, C. C.; Hine, Charles H.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1974.10666604

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For example, Zavon and Kindel (1966) found no significant inhibition of RBC or plasma cholinesterase (measured monthly) at any timepoint following human volunteer inhalation exposures to DDVP emanating from resin vaporizers for up to 6 months in their homes. In another study, no significant inhibition of RBC cholinesterase was reported in individuals following 12 months of exposure to DDVP resin strips used throughout homes (Leary et al, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Inhibition of RBC cholinesterase even at levels as high as 50% are not routinely accompanied by signs of toxicity (Gallo and Lawryk, 1991). RBC cholinesterase inhibition has been frequently used to establish safe exposure levels Leary et al (1974) Infants, children, adult and elderly males and females Inhalation Gratz et al (1963) Infants, children, adult and elderly males and females Inhalation Funckes et al (1963) Infants, children, adult and elderly males and females Inhalation Cavagna et al (1970) Infant males and females Inhalation Cavagna et al (1969) Infants, children, adult males and females, patients hospitalized with silicosis, bronchitis, lead poisoning, liver disease, also pregnant women and sick infants and children Inhalation Uchiyama et al (1967) Children and adults (sex not specified), hospitalized patients, and some with liver disease and leukemia Inhalation Ueda and Nishimura (1967) Adults (sex not specified), hospitalized patients with kidney and liver disease and tuberculosis Inhalation Cervoni et al (1969) Adult male and female patients with intestinal parasites Oral Pena Chavarria et al (1969) Adult male and female patients with intestinal parasites (many debilitated) Oral or reference doses (RfDs) for organophosphate pesticides, including various DDVP products and uses (USEPA-SAP, 1997), and regulatory agencies and other organizations have determined NOELs with this endpoint for acute, short-term (1-7 days) repeat, and more prolonged daily (chronic) exposure scenarios (CDPR, 1997;IPCS, 1990;USEPA, 2000;WHO-JMPR, 1999). Typically, NOELs have been chosen based on the results of a single study that fulfills regulatory requirements for that particular study type, either animal or human.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Humans appear no more sensitive than laboratory animals to the inhibition of red blood cell cholinesterase by dichlorvos

MacGregor

Plunkett

Youngren

et al. 2005

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humans appear no more sensitive than laboratory animals to the inhibition of red blood cell cholinesterase by dichlorvos

MacGregor

Plunkett

Youngren

et al. 2005

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Organophosphorus Compounds

Storm¹

2001

Patty's Toxicology

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Organophosphate pesticides are a highly diverse group of chemicals to which workers may be exposed during manufacture and formulation and during or after application for their intended uses. They are all characterized by their ability to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that deactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Compounds in this class are numerous and have been categorized in many ways according to the nature of the substituents. Gallo and Lawryk, for example, categorized them into four main categories (Groups I‐IV) based on the characteristics of the leaving group (X). Group I compounds, phosphorylcholines, have a leaving group that contains a quaternary nitrogen and are among the most potent organophosphates (e.g., Shradan). Group II compounds, fluorophosphates, have a fluoride leaving group and are also generally highly toxic (e.g., diisopropyl fluorophosphate). Group III compounds have leaving groups that contain cyanide or a halogen other than fluoride and are generally less potent than Groups I or II (e.g., Parathion). Group IV contains most of the organophosphates used as insecticides today. These compounds have alkoxy, alkylthio, aryloxy, arylthio or heterocyclic leaving groups and a wide variety of other substituents. Another classification scheme is based on the nature of the atoms that immediately surround the central phosphorus atom and results in 14 different categories. According to this scheme, phosphates are the prototype for the entire class and are those compounds where all four atoms that surround the phosphorus atom are oxygen (e.g., dichlorvos, mevinphos). Sulfur‐containing organophosphate compounds (phosphorothioates; phosphorothiolates; phosphorodithioates; phosphorodithiolates) are far more numerous than phosphates and include well recognized organophosphate insecticides such as parathion, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, etc. Other groups contain nitrogen (phosphoramides and phosphorodiamides), nitrogen and sulfur (phosphoramidothionates and phosphoramidothiolates), carbon (phosphonates and phosphinates), or carbon and sulfur (phosphonothionates, phosphonothionothiolates and phosphinothionates). All aspects of organophosphate chemistry, toxicity, analysis, and exposure potential have been previously reviewed. Additionally information regarding the toxicity of this class of compounds has expanded greatly in recent years as a result of toxicity data supplied by registrants to the U.S. EPA's Office of Pesticides to support reregistration. These data are being made publically available by the U.S. EPA on their internet web site. The following discussion draws heavily from recent reviews but also includes summaries of relevant toxicity data submitted to the U.S. EPA available when this chapter was completed. Due to space limitations detailed data reviews are included here for only 30 organophosphate pesticides. Information on other pesticides registered or undergoing reregistration in the United States can be readily obtained from the previously mentioned website.

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Dichlorvos [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1986]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Veröffentlicht in der Reihe Gesundheitsschädliche Arbeitsstoffe , 11. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1986 Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel: Allgemeiner Wirkungscharakter Erfahrungen beim Menschen Tierexperimentelle Befunde Akute Toxizität Chronische Toxizität und Versuche zur Kanzerogenität Versuche zur Reproduktionstoxizität Begründung des MAK‐Wertes

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Safety Evaluation in the Home of Polyvinyl Chloride Resin Strip Containing Dichlorvos (DDVP)

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Humans appear no more sensitive than laboratory animals to the inhibition of red blood cell cholinesterase by dichlorvos

Humans appear no more sensitive than laboratory animals to the inhibition of red blood cell cholinesterase by dichlorvos

Organophosphorus Compounds

Dichlorvos [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1986]

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