Safety evaluation of mulberry leaf extract: Acute, subacute toxicity and genotoxicity studies

Li, Yuzhe; Zhang, Xiaopeng; Liang, Chunlai; Hu, Jing; Zhou, Yu

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.007

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Consequently, mulberry leaf has been successfully used as a dietary protein supplement in aquaculture and in poultry and livestock farming (Ali et al, 2020;Kandylis et al, 2009;Kaviraj et al, 2013;Kong et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2019b;. Furthermore, mulberry leaf has been suggested as a novel food (Li et al, 2018) and medicinal plant.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaf Extracts on Growth, Immune Response, and Antioxidant Functions in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Tang

Gao

et al. 2022

Annals of Animal Science

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This study evaluates how white mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extracts affect the growth, antioxidant activity, and immune response in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Mulberry leaf extracts were obtained through aqueous extraction (AE) and ethanol extraction (EE). Powder of mulberry leaf (PML) was added directly to feed and compared with the effects of feeds supplemented with the different extracts. Fish were divided into eight groups for an 8-week feeding trial where they were fed the basal diet or supplementation with 10% PML, 10% AE, 20% AE, 40% AE, 10% EE, 20% EE, or 40% EE. The inclusion of mulberry leaf extract obtained with either method showed better effects on fish growth performance, antioxidant activities and acid phosphatase activity (ACP) in serum, immune cytokine expression, and intestinal morphology as compared with controls or fish fed the 10% PML diet. The specific growth rate was significantly higher in the 10% AE, 10% EE, and 20% EE groups compared with all other groups (P<0.05). Catalase activity was significantly greater in most groups fed an extract, and in the 10% PML group, when compared with controls. Similarly, ACP, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-2 expression was significantly increased in groups fed an extract, and in the 10% PML group, when compared with controls (P<0.05). IL-1, IL-2, IL-10, and Toll-like receptor 2 expression was significantly greater in the 10% EE group than in the 10% PML and 10% AE groups (P<0.05). Villus length in the middle intestine was significantly increased in the 10% AE and 10% EE groups compared with controls and the 10% PML group (P<0.05). Thus, 10% mulberry leaf ethanol extract added to feed is recommended for enhancing the growth rate and health of cultured Nile tilapia.

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaf Extracts on Growth, Immune Response, and Antioxidant Functions in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Tang

Gao

et al. 2022

Annals of Animal Science

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“…Mulberry leaves have been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine for several conditions, including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, obesity, and in ammation as well as urinary and nervous system diseases [28][29][30][31][32]. Approximately 100 bioactive phytochemicals have been isolated from mulberry leaves, including organic acids, phenolic acids, avonoids, chalcones, coumarins, polyhydroxyalkaloids, catechins, terpenoids, and stilbenoids [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mulberry Leaf Extract Alleviates Staphylococcus Aureus-Induced Conjunctivitis in Rabbits via Downregulation of NLRP3 Inflammaome and Upregulation of the Nrf2 System and Suppression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Chen¹,

Lai²,

Mo³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Mulberry leaves are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic, and anticancer properties. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced conjunctivitis (5 × 109 CFU, 0.5 mL/eye) in a rabbit model. Rabbits were treated with MLE (5 mL/kg·d-1 and 10 mL/kg·d-1), 0.9% saline, or pearl bright eye drops (PBE) for 5 days. The results showed that MLE treatment significantly reduced the clinical sign scores of conjunctivitis, alleviated clinical signs, and decreased bacterial load and histological damage in a time- and dose-dependent manner compared to that in the conjunctivitis control group. The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of MLE (10 mL/kg·d-1) were equal to or greater than those of the positive control drug PBE. In addition, MLE significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, downregulated the NOD-like receptor leucine-rich pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and upregulated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) system. Overall, MLE is effective in alleviating S. aureus-induced conjunctivitis in rabbits and this mechanism is associated with the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of the Nrf2 system to regulate pro-inflammatory signaling.

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“…The 30-day administration test in rats can be used as the main reference basis for evaluating the sub-chronic hazards of drugs or poisons. This experiment investigated the toxicity of rBoIFN-α by observing the clinical manifestations and histopathological changes, and determining haematological parameters, serum biochemical indexes, and organ indexes of rats after intravenous injection of drugs (10,14). These latter included a relatively high gastrointestinal index for the middle-and high-dose groups.…”

Section: Fig 2 Effects Of Rboifn-α On Weight Gain Of Male (A) and Female (B) Rats In Sub-chronic Toxicity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity study of recombinant bovine interferon alpha in rodents

Gao

Zhou³

et al. 2021

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction Recombinant bovine interferon alpha (rBoIFN-α) has been demonstrated to have antiviral activity. However, no conduct of acute or chronic toxicity tests has been reported. Material and Methods Specific pathogen-free Sprague Dawley rats were administered doses at different concentrations through intraperitoneal or intravenous injection. After the administration (single for an acute toxicity test over 14 days or daily for a sub-chronic toxicity test over 30 days), the rats’ behaviour and other indicators and the degree of toxic reaction were continuously monitored. Blood was collected for haematological and serum biochemical examinations. At the end of the experiments, the rats were sacrificed for necropsy and histopathological tissue analysis. Results The external performance, behaviour characteristics, and changes in body temperature and body weight of the rats in each subgroup were comparable to the normal control subgroup. Except for a few cases, there were no lesions in the viscera’s pathological structures, and the blood parameters and biochemical indicators were not noticeably different from those of the control subgroup. Conclusion This study suggests that rBoIFN-α seems to be safe for rats, and its use may foster the development of the cattle industry in China by protecting livestock health.

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Safety evaluation of mulberry leaf extract: Acute, subacute toxicity and genotoxicity studies

Cited by 42 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaf Extracts on Growth, Immune Response, and Antioxidant Functions in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Effects of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaf Extracts on Growth, Immune Response, and Antioxidant Functions in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Mulberry Leaf Extract Alleviates Staphylococcus Aureus-Induced Conjunctivitis in Rabbits via Downregulation of NLRP3 Inflammaome and Upregulation of the Nrf2 System and Suppression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity study of recombinant bovine interferon alpha in rodents

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