Safety evaluation of neem (Azadirachta indica) derived pesticides

Boeke, Sara J.; Boersma, Marelle G.; Alink, G.M.; Loon, Joop J. A. van; Huis, A. van; Dicke, Marcel; Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M.

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.05.011

Cited by 190 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

108

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Neem preparations that resulted effective against insecticide-resistant pests, yet does not harm heavily the beneficial insects. Out of date, neem products are considered relatively safe to mammals and humans (Boeke et al, 2004). Anyway, the absence of toxicity is largely tested by the prominent role of fruits, bark and leaves in Indian Traditional Medicine, as well as the use of flowering and leaves as vegetables in Asian countries and the current use in a number of toiletry and pharmaceutical products.…”

Section: Using Neem Treementioning

confidence: 99%

Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) as Source of Bioinsectides

Nicoletti

Maccioni²,

Coccioletti³

et al. 2012

Insecticides - Advances in Integrated Pest Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Micro vs. macro competing for lifeMicroorganims are difficult to find and to kill, because they are in enormous number and everywhere. For instance, in our body we can count more procariotic than eucariotic cells. Fortunately, most of them are useful friends, but others can be very dangerous and destructives. Actually, microorganisms are liable of major plagues affecting humans. These invisible our competitors act infections by complicated mechanisms, often involving other creatures. Mosquitos are the favorite partners as major vector of transmission. Therefore, mosquitos are co-responsible of malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, filariasis, schistosomiasis, Japanese encephalitis, Chagas morbus, hemorrhagic fever, arbovirosis, as well as of several minor pathologies, such as systemic allergic and inflammatory reactions and dolorous bites. Although in developed countries the impact of these pathologies is nowadays restricted or absent, and main causes of death are related to physiological aspects (cancer, hearth and www.intechopen.com Insecticides -Advances in Integrated Pest Management 412 coronary failures, ecc.), in the remaining predominant part of the world, the alert is always the same and means infection by injure or by bite. Practically all mankind living in ordinary conditions is continuously exposed to one or more mosquito-borne or connected diseases and suffer in different degrees the effects of the mosquitos attack. Only dengue worldwide threatens the health of around 2.5 billion people, and figures for malaria are surely worst. Malaria infects more than 500 million humans each year. About 90% of cases occur in Africa, including those of malaria-related deaths, but only in India 15 million cases and 20,000 deaths are estimated annually by WHO. However, as all living beings, also microorganisms have their own Achilles heel. Their movement capacity is very limited, therefore they use animals as vectors for efficiently diffusing in every habitats. Usually, they change to adapt to the host, accumulating therein and becoming vulnerable. Therefore, the option seems to be simple: kill the vector and kill the microorganism. Fighting the vectorSeveral strategies have been proposed against microorganism/mosquito based diseases in order to control or at least limit mosquitos invasion, mainly based on three types of action: direct, environmental, indirect. Direct methods use as target the adults, whereas indirect methods are mainly focused on effects on mosquito development, including controls of larvae by hormones or other growth regulators. Environmental methods are based on change in the habitat of the insect and display severe collateral effects on other organisms. So far, mainly synthetic insecticides have been produced and used, in large quantities and types. Initial euphoria for the resolving effects has been punctually followed by negative drawback. Chemical pesticides resulted non-selective, that means harmful and toxic to other organisms including humans, plus the cause of a series of unexpected and dur...

show abstract

Section: Using Neem Treementioning

confidence: 99%

Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) as Source of Bioinsectides

Nicoletti

Maccioni²,

Coccioletti³

et al. 2012

Insecticides - Advances in Integrated Pest Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Juss) (Meliaceae) has got great interest in this regard. Neem was considered safe to the humans and animals due to relative low toxicity (Boeke et al, 2004). Several reports have described the antifeedant, repellent and growthmodifying neem properties on the insects, which was essentially due to the terpenoid azadirachtin from the neem fruits (Carvalho and Trevisan, 1990;Schmutterer, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repellent, antifeedant and insecticidal effects of neem oil on Microtheca punctigera

Mikami

Ventura

2008

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was found that vitex negundo leaf extract also registred maximum mortality against rice pests. Nzanza et al, (2011) revealed that neem oil @3% and wild garlic bulb extract 10% have insecticidal properties to maintain lower population densities of whitefly and aphid on and all parts of neem contain bitter compound (Van der Nat et al, 1991;Chawla et al, 1995) has prooved that the neem bitter has antifeedant effect which can interfere with hormonal processes in insect (Schmutterer, 1990;Ascher, 1993;Boeke et al, 2004). Similarly, wild garlic bulbs possess such as sacrid volatilic oil and sulpho -oxides derived from allicin, responsible for antifeedent, repellent and toxicant properties against various pests (vijayalakshmi et al, 1996;Dhana Lakshmi, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%