Safety evaluation of the venom from scorpion Rhopalurus junceus: Assessment of oral short term, subchronic toxicity and teratogenic effect

Lagarto, Alicia; Bueno, Viviana; Pérez, María Rita; Rodríguez, Caridad C.; Guevara, Irania; Valdés, Odalys; Bellma, Addis; Gabilondo, Tatiana; Padrón, Alejandro S.

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.002

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The studies included for qualitative analysis were the following: Garcia-Gomez et al 2011 [ 1 ], Rodriguez-Ravelo et al 2013 [ 8 ], Diaz-Garcia et al 2013 [ 2 ], Rodriguez-Ravelo et al 2015 [ 9 ], Diaz-Garcia et al 2015 [ 10 ], Giovannini, C. et al 2017 [ 11 ], Diaz-Garcia et al 2017 [ 12 ], Diaz-Garcia et al 2019 [ 3 ], Lagarto et al 2020 [ 4 ], Diaz-Garcia et al 2019 [ 13 ], Di Lorenzo et al 2012 [ 14 ], Yglesias-Rivera et al 2019 [ 15 ], and Lozano-Trujillo et al 2020 [ 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through a pharmacokinetic study on mice carrying tumors, we identified that the venom was rapidly eliminated from the body and had a greater localization for tumor tissues; moreover, the intravenous route compared to the oral one appeared to increase the bioavailability of the drug [ 13 ]. Lagarto et al 2020 [ 4 ] reported that oral administration in mice of up to 100 mg/kg/day during the period of organogenesis did not induce maternal and embryo–fetal toxicity, which had a low impact on reproductive physiology and did not affect the health of the animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The histological examination of tumor mass in studies on animal models also highlighted how the scorpion venom induced an extensive necrosis in the tumor compared to the tissue from the evidence of the untreated control group [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cancer cell lines primarily studied were hematopoietic and epithelial lines (pulmonary, mammary, hepatic, and cervix). Recent studies of 2019 and 2020 investigated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and teratogenic effects of the venom [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic Anticancer Uses of the Active Principles of “Rhopalurus junceus” Venom

et al. 2020

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The Rhopalurus junceus is a scorpion belonging to the Buthidae family that finds its habitat in Cuba. This scorpion is known by the common name of “Blue Scorpion”. The venom is used on the island of Cuba as an alternative cure for cancer and, more recently, in the research of active components for biomedicine. Recently, the venom has been tested in several studies to investigate its effects on cancer cell lines, and the initial results of in vitro studies demonstrated how this poison can be effective on certain carcinoma cell lines (Hela, SiHa, Hep-2, NCI-H292, A549, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and HT-29). The aim of this review is, therefore, to describe the effects of the venom on carcinoma lines and to investigate all anti-cancer properties studied in the literature. The research was conducted using four databases, Pub Med, Scopus, EBSCO, and Web of Science, through the use of keywords, by two independent reviewers following the PRISMA protocol, identifying 57 records. The results led to a total of 13 articles that met the eligibility criteria. The data extracted for the purpose of meta-analysis included the IC50 of the venom on carcinoma cell lines. The results of the meta-analysis provided a pooled mean of the IC50 of 0.645 mg/mL (95% CI: 0.557, 0.733), with a standard error (SE) = 0.045, p < 0.001. The analysis of the subgroups, differentiated by the type of cell line used, provided insight regarding how the scorpion venom was effective on the cell lines of lung origin (NCI-H292, A549, and MRC-5) with a pooled mean of IC50 0.460 mg/mL (95% CI: 0.290, 0.631) SE (0.087) p < 0.001. The results described in the literature for in vitro studies are encouraging, and further investigations should be carried out and deepened.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic Anticancer Uses of the Active Principles of “Rhopalurus junceus” Venom

et al. 2020

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“…The anticancer effect of B. martensii scorpion venom has been tested successfully against human glioma U251-MG by using rodent xenograft models (Wang and Ji, 2005). Likewise, in vivo toxicological studies have been carried out, using R. junceus venom administered through intraperitoneal (10 mg/kg) or oral (2,000 mg/kg) routes, and toxic effects have not been observed (Garcia-Gomez et al, 2011;Lagarto et al, 2020). Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies carried out on breast tumor-bearing mice administered with a single dose (12.5 mg/kg), by intravenous or oral routes, showed that medium residence time (MRT) of venom in tumor tissue was higher than in the remaining organs tested, suggesting a high selectivity for tumor tissue, adding to their antitumor effect (Diaz-Garcia et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Scorpion Venom and Their Toxins In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage-Gated K+/Na+ Channels and Scorpion Venom Toxins in Cancer

Díaz-García

Varela

2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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Ion channels have recently been recognized as novel therapeutic targets in cancer research since they are overexpressed in different histological tissues, and their activity is linked to proliferation, tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and apoptosis. Voltage gated-potassium channels (VGKC) are involved in cell proliferation, cancer progression, cell cycle transition, and apoptosis. Moreover, voltage-dependent sodium channels (VGSC) contribute to decreases in extracellular pH, which, in turn, promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, VGSC and VGKC modulate voltagesensitive Ca 2+ channel activity by controlling the membrane potential and regulating Ca 2+ influx, which functions as a second messenger in processes related to proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis. The subgroup of these types of channels that have shown a high oncogenic potential have become known as "oncochannels", and the evidence has highlighted them as key potential therapeutic targets. Scorpion venoms contain a high proportion of peptide toxins that act by modulating voltage-gated Na + /K + channel activity. Increasing scientific data have pointed out that scorpion venoms and their toxins can affect the activity of oncochannels, thus showing their potential for anticancer therapy. In this review, we provide an update of the most relevant voltage-gated Na + \K + ion channels as cellular targets and discuss the possibility of using scorpion venom and toxins for anticancer therapy.

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Biocontrol Potential of Serratia Marcescens (B8) and Bacillus sp. (B13) Isolated from Urban Mangroves in Raposa, Brazil

Pereira,

Amorim,

Aragão

et al. 2023

Life

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This study analyzed the antifungal potential of 16 bacterial strains isolated from mangrove sediment. Bacterial selection was conducted in a solid medium. This was followed by the production and extraction of metabolites using ethyl acetate to evaluate chitinase production, antifungal activity, and toxicity toward Allium cepa and Tenebrio molitor. Bacterial strains B8, B11, and B13 produced the largest inhibition halos (>30 mm) toward Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani fungi. Strains B1, B3, B6, B8, B11, B13, B14, and B16 produced chitinases. In assays using liquid media, B8 and B13 produced the largest inhibition halos. Exposing the fungal inocula to metabolic extracts of strains B6, B8, B11, B13, B14, B15, and B16 caused micromorphological alterations in the inocula, culminating in the inhibition of R. solani sporulation and spore germination. Toxicity tests using Allium cepa and Tenebrio molitor revealed that the metabolites showed low toxicity. Six of the bacterial strains were molecularly identified to species levels, and a further two to genus level. These included Serratia marcescens (B8), which exhibited activity in all tests. Mangroves provide a useful resource for the isolation of microorganisms for biocontrol. Among the isolates, Serratia marcescens and Bacillus spp. showed the greatest potential to produce metabolites for use as biocontrol agents in agriculture.

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Safety evaluation of the venom from scorpion Rhopalurus junceus: Assessment of oral short term, subchronic toxicity and teratogenic effect

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Therapeutic Anticancer Uses of the Active Principles of “Rhopalurus junceus” Venom

Therapeutic Anticancer Uses of the Active Principles of “Rhopalurus junceus” Venom

Voltage-Gated K+/Na+ Channels and Scorpion Venom Toxins in Cancer

Biocontrol Potential of Serratia Marcescens (B8) and Bacillus sp. (B13) Isolated from Urban Mangroves in Raposa, Brazil

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