Safety, immunogenicity and an open, retrospective study of efficacy of a monocomponent pertussis toxoid vaccine in infants

Isacson, Jerker; Trollfors, Birger; Taranger, J; Macdowall, Ian; Johansson, Jan; Lagergård, Teresa; Robbins, John B.

doi:10.1097/00006454-199401000-00006

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Among the different regimens, the most immunogenic was the 3-5-12 month schedule, followed by the 2-4-6 month schedule, the 2-3-4/3-4-5 month schedule and lastly by the EPI schedule (6-10-14 weeks of age). This has been also observed with other DTaP vaccines, 22 and is not specific to individual pertussis antigens. The same phenomenon is seen with other antigens contained in pediatric combinations.…”

Section: Schedule Effectsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The same phenomenon is seen with other antigens contained in pediatric combinations. [21][22][23] It has also to be pointed out that when compared with the other schedules, the 3-5-12 schedule can be considered as a two-dose primary series followed by a booster due to the seven months interval between the second and third dose, which therefore explain its better immunogenicity performance. Therefore this schedule cannot be fully compared to the three-dose first year of life primary series schedules.…”

Section: Schedule Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunogenicity of a two-component (PT&FHA) acellular pertussis vaccine in various combinations

Vidor

Plotkin²

2008

Human Vaccines

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Section: Schedule Effectsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Schedule Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity of a two-component (PT&FHA) acellular pertussis vaccine in various combinations

Vidor

Plotkin²

2008

Human Vaccines

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“…In 1979 it was proposed that pertussis, like diphtheria and tetanus, is a toxin-mediated disease [1], and pertussis toxin was purified soon afterwards [2,3]. Inactivated pertussis toxin induces at least partial protection against pertussis [4][5][6], and the protection seems to be at least partly mediated through toxin neutralizing serum antibodies [7,8]. A surface protein of B. pertussis, filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) might also contribute to protection against disease [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serumantikörper gegen die Komponenten der Diphtherie-Tetanus-Pertussis-Vakzine bei polnischen Kindern in Beziehung zum Impfstatus

Torbicka

Lagergård²,

Trollfors³

1995

Infection

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In Poland vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) is recommended from 2-3 months of age. Three doses at approximately 6-week intervals are given. A booster dose of DTP is given at 19-24 months and boosters of DT at 6 and 14 years. In this study serum samples were obtained from 166 Polish children aged 2 weeks to 14 years. Vaccination status was verified from the children's Health Books. Antibodies were determined against pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin, tetanus toxoid and diphtheria toxin. Antibodies of maternal original against all five antigens were detected in almost all sera from infants not yet vaccinated. Antibody levels increased with the number of vaccinations given. Children who had recently received the fourth vaccination had the highest antibody levels. Antibody levels decreased with time after the fourth vaccination for all antibodies except FHA. It was concluded that the Polish whole cell pertussis vaccine stimulates antibodies against pertussis toxin, FHA and pertactin, but that antibodies against FHA probably also are stimulated by cross-reacting antigens. Diphtheria toxin and tetanus toxoid antibodies were above protective levels in all vaccinated children, but the long-term decreases justify the booster dose at 14 years. Twenty-five of 166 children (15%) had a vaccination status which deviated from recommendations demonstrating a need to increase the vaccination rate.

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“…5,6 An open study of clinical pertussis in children receiving the same vaccine and an age-matched nonvaccinated control group showed that the vaccine decreased the risk of pertussis in the vaccinees. 7 On the basis of these studies, a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of PTox (as a component of DTPTox) involving 3450 infants was conducted in Gö teborg: children in the control group received DT. 8 Diagnosis of pertussis followed the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunologic and Epidemiologic Experience of Vaccination With a Monocomponent Pertussis Toxoid Vaccine

et al. 2001

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ABSTRACT. Pertussis re-emerged in Sweden with a cumulative incidence of about 60% during the first 10 years of life, when the locally produced cellular vaccine lost its efficacy around 1970 and general vaccination was discontinued in 1979. The epidemiology, clinical features, and immunology of pertussis and a monocomponent pertussis toxoid vaccine were studied in Gö teborg, Sweden.After phase 1 and 2 studies, a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial of pertussis toxoid (PTox), compounded with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, was administered to 3450 children according to the Swedish schedule at 3, 5, and 12 months of age. After a mean follow-up of 18 months, the efficacy was 71% overall and 75% in household contacts, respectively. A statistically significant correlation was found between the level of PTox-induced antibodies and protection against pertussis. As observed with cellular and with multicomponent acellular vaccines, PTox reduced the severity of disease and the percent of children with positive cultures. Furthermore, vaccination reduced the transmission of Bordetella pertussis to household contacts in the vaccinees compared with the controls who received only diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Patients with culture-verified Bordetella parapertussis infection reacted with antibodies to pertactin and to filamentous hemagglutinin but not to pertussis toxin, and some subsequently developed pertussis. The antibody responses of patients with pertussis to the surface polysaccharides of B pertussis and to B parapertussis were cross-reactive serologically. Serosurveys showed that only antibodies to pertussis toxin were related to the occurrence of pertussis in the general population: antibodies to filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin were probably stimulated by antigens of other bacteria as well as Bordetellae.Mass vaccination of Gö teborg children born in the 1990s was started in 1995. In February 1999, about 55% had been vaccinated and both B pertussis and pertussis decreased significantly in individuals of all ages (herd immunity). Similar to diphtheria, PTox-induced immunity to pertussis occurs both on an individual and community basis.The apparent greater efficacy of multicomponent acellular pertussis vaccines compared with monocomponent PTox was proposed to be an artifact created when the diagnosis of pertussis was made by the serologic criteria of the World Health Organization only. Our conclusion is that PTox is both an essential and alone sufficient antigen in acellular pertussis vaccines. Pediatrics 2001; 108(6). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/ 108/6/e115; pertussis, pertussis toxoid, vaccine.

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Safety, immunogenicity and an open, retrospective study of efficacy of a monocomponent pertussis toxoid vaccine in infants

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Immunogenicity of a two-component (PT&FHA) acellular pertussis vaccine in various combinations

Immunogenicity of a two-component (PT&FHA) acellular pertussis vaccine in various combinations

Serumantikörper gegen die Komponenten der Diphtherie-Tetanus-Pertussis-Vakzine bei polnischen Kindern in Beziehung zum Impfstatus

Immunologic and Epidemiologic Experience of Vaccination With a Monocomponent Pertussis Toxoid Vaccine

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