Safety in Human Research: Past Problems and Current Challenges from a Canadian Perspective

Schwartz, Barry

doi:10.1007/s10730-008-9076-3

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…Aspects of this topic include: (a) governance of ethics review (Emanuel, Wendler, Killen & Grady, 2004;McDonald, 2001); (b) accounts of serious violations of human dignity and calls for more vigilant and comprehensive oversight (Schwartz, 2008); (c) analyses of the efficacy of consent forms (Flory & Emanuel, 2004;Sugarman, McCrory, Powell, Krasny, Adams, Ball, & Cassell, 1999); (d) descriptions of research ethics education on an international scale (Schuklenk & Ashcroft, 2000); (e) proposals for the improvement of research ethics education (Eisen & Parker, 2004); and (f) advocacy for a more streamlined approach (Gordon & Parsi, 2002) including the creation of SoTL based principles for using students as participants (Hutchings, 2002(Hutchings, , 2003MacLean & Poole, 2010). This body of literature has been perceived as "incoherent" (Pimple, 2002).…”

Section: Overview Of Ethics Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Canadian Post-Secondary Mathematics: 2000-2010

Chan

Wahl

2013

cjsotl-rcacea

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Published accounts of pedagogical experience and pedagogical research are critical resources to post-secondary mathematics instructors, and yet the quantity and scope of this literature is rarely summarized or reviewed. In this contribution, we analyze recent peer-reviewed journal publications regarding post-secondary mathematics, published by Canadian scholars. We classified this scholarship by institution, publication year, type of pedagogical scholarship, and by topic. We highlight topics of continual interest, changing trends in time and newly emerging themes. This review therefore provides a benchmark of current scholarship in this important area, as well as a point of comparison for similar data from other countries, and other disciplines. Les comptes rendus publiés sur les expériences pédagogiques et la recherche sur la pédagogie sont des ressources essentielles pour les enseignants de mathématiques au niveau postsecondaire. Pourtant, la quantité et la portée de cette documentation font rarement l’objet de résumés ou d’analyses. Dans cet article, nous analysons les publications récentes de chercheurs canadiens sur les mathématiques au niveau postsecondaire, qui ont paru dans des revues révisées par les pairs. Nous avons classé ces publications par établissement, année de publication, type de recherche et sujet. Nous mettons en lumière les sujets d’intérêt constant, les tendances en évolution au fil du temps et les thèmes émergents. Cette recension constitue donc une référence sur les recherches universitaires actuelles dans ce domaine important ainsi qu’un point de comparaison pour des données similaires provenant d’autres pays et d’autres disciplines.

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Section: Overview Of Ethics Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Canadian Post-Secondary Mathematics: 2000-2010

Chan

Wahl

2013

cjsotl-rcacea

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MRI Research Proposals Involving Child Subjects: Concerns Hindering Research Ethics Boards from Approving Them and a Checklist to Help Evaluate Them

Shiloff¹,

Magwood²,

Malisza³

2011

Camb Q Healthc Ethics

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The process of research is often lengthy and can be extremely arduous. It may take many years to proceed from the initial development of an idea through to the comparison of the new modalities against a current gold-standard practice. Each step along the way involves rigorous scientific review, where protocols are scrutinized by multiple scientists not only in the specific field at hand but related fields as well. In addition to scientific review, most countries require a further review by a panel that will specifically address the ethics of the proposed research. In Canada, those panels are referred to as Research Ethics Boards (REB), with the United States counterparts known as Institutional Review Boards (IRB).

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P2-S9.01 The impact of customs and sexual practices on young Maasai women's ability to negotiate their sexual and reproductive health in relation to HIV and AIDS in Loitokitok, Kenya

Matogo¹

2011

Sex Transm Infect

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This research investigated the ways in which Maasai culture, as practiced in a rural and relatively isolated area of Kenya, impacted upon the transmission of HIV/AIDS. The author focused her field research on women aged 16e25, and a range of cultural practices contributing to and influenced by gender roles in Maasai society. Local practice has been addressed and recommendations made in relation to the position of the Maasai community in the wider political economy and Kenya's ethnos cape.The study also investigated strategies the women considered appropriate, practical and effective to cope with these risks. The field study was conducted in the Loitokitok district of Kenya. Methodology The research is within a qualitative paradigm. Choice of methodology was mainly based on ethic consideration of research within cultural context of Maasai Indigenous people. Data was generated through use of focus group discussions, semi structured interviews and informal observation methods. An extensive review of the literature was also conducted. The influence of gender based customs and practices are highlighted in a number of scholarly works, Governmental and non-governmental documents with regard to women's vulnerability to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs).The researcher maintained an "insider-outsider" position and a participatory role in order to try to identify the current state of Maasai women's reproductive health at the grass roots level. Findings Research findings have found that there is a challenge in young pastoralist women's reproductive health autonomy. Their risk of STIs especially HIV infection is strongly determined by cultural and sexual practices that are gender related.Existing customs and practices tend to be more repressive to the women's autonomy in sexual health matters as men hold power in most important roles in society. Conclusions The study does not call for cultural change or reformation of traditional culture within the Maasai community; rather it appeals for transformation of customs and practices that cause harm on women's reproductive health. Valuable cultural practices and intentions that recognise women and celebrate their womanhood should be encouraged in a way that is not physically or psychologically daunting experience on their wellbeing.To this end, the understanding and knowledge of the Maasai worldview is critical to the intervention of Maasai women's reproductive health rights. A more cultural approach to Maasai women's reproductive health is suggested to be more effective. In relation to the adoption of STI prevention measures, Maasai culture plays a key role towards identification of preventive measures and strategies. Background Previous research indicates that emergency contraception (EC) users are less likely to have visited a gynaecologist in the past 12 months, and are more likely to report ever having an STI compared to non-users; however, studies examining this unique population have been outside of the USA Given FDA-licensure of EC behind-thecounter, this is the first ...

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Safety in Human Research: Past Problems and Current Challenges from a Canadian Perspective

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Canadian Post-Secondary Mathematics: 2000-2010

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Canadian Post-Secondary Mathematics: 2000-2010

MRI Research Proposals Involving Child Subjects: Concerns Hindering Research Ethics Boards from Approving Them and a Checklist to Help Evaluate Them

P2-S9.01 The impact of customs and sexual practices on young Maasai women's ability to negotiate their sexual and reproductive health in relation to HIV and AIDS in Loitokitok, Kenya

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