Safety of a Novel Calcium/Potassium Salt of Hydroxycitric Acid (HCA-SX): I. Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study

Deshmukh, Narendra; Bagchi, Manashi; Yasmin, Tahirah; Bagchi, Debasis

doi:10.1080/15376510802084030

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…(-)-HCA-containing products have been on the market for many years [18, 27]. A number of reports demonstrated the efficacy of extracts from Garcinia cambogia or (-)-HCA were found in animals [18, 52-54] and humans [55-57]. The liver is the primary site of metabolism in poultry [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(-)-Hydroxycitric Acid Reduced Lipid Droplets Accumulation Via Decreasing Acetyl-Coa Supply and Accelerating Energy Metabolism in Cultured Primary Chicken Hepatocytes

Li¹,

Peng²,

Ge³

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: (-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) had been shown to suppress fat accumulation in animals and humans, while the underlying biochemical mechanism is not fully understood, especially little information is available on whether (-)-HCA regulates energy metabolism and consequently affects fat deposition. Methods: Hepatocytes were cultured for 24 h and then exposed to (-)-HCA (0, 1, 10, 50 µM), enzyme protein content was determined by ELISA; lipid metabolism gene mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR. Results: (-)-HCA significantly decreased the number and total area of lipid droplets. ATP-citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c mRNA level were significantly decreased after (-)-HCA treatment, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α mRNA level was significantly increased. (-)-HCA significantly decreased ATP-citrate lyase activity and acetyl-CoA content in cytosol, but significantly increased glucose consumption and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. (-)-HCA promoted the activity/content of glucokinase, phosphofructokinase-1, pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, aconitase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase and ATP synthase remarkably. Conclusions: (-)-HCA decreased lipid droplets accumulation by reducing acetyl-CoA supply, which mainly achieved via inhibition of ATP-citrate lyase, and accelerating energy metabolism in chicken hepatocytes. These results proposed a biochemical mechanism of fat reduction by (-)-HCA in broiler chickens in term of energy metabolism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(-)-Hydroxycitric Acid Reduced Lipid Droplets Accumulation Via Decreasing Acetyl-Coa Supply and Accelerating Energy Metabolism in Cultured Primary Chicken Hepatocytes

Li¹,

Peng²,

Ge³

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…The experimental diets were prepared once a week. A total of 30 male and 30 female pups per dose group, including the concurrent control group, were selected randomly after weaning from each of the F 2b litters of the F 1 generation as previously described [16], and were allowed to grow. At 10-12 weeks of age, about 25 male and 25 female animals amongst these were taken up for mating to start the teratology study (see Fig.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…days 0-20). The quantity of feed offered to and consumed by the female rat in each cage was recorded for each week (days 0-7, 7-14, and [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], and amount of feed consumed in grams per rat per day was computed for each week of gestation. The amount of NBC intake was determined based on feed consumption.…”

Section: Maternal Body Weight and Feed Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of an oxygen-coordinated niacin-bound chromium(III) complex (NBC): II. Developmental toxicity study in rats

Deshmukh¹,

Bagchi²,

Lau³

et al. 2009

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry

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“…A total of 30 male and 30 female pups per dose group (except the intermediate-dose or 3000-ppm group where only 25 of each sex were available), including the concurrent control group, were selected randomly after weaning from each F 2b litter of the F 1 generation from the two-generation reproductive toxicity study (Deshmukh et al 2008), and were allowed to grow. At 10 to 12 weeks of age, animals were taken up for mating to start the teratology study.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of a Novel Calcium/Potassium Saltof (-)-Hydroxycitric Acid (HCA-SX): II.Developmental Toxicity Study in Rats

Deshmukh¹,

Bagchi

Yasmin

et al. 2008

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods

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(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA), active constituent (10%-30%) of the dried fruit rind of Garcinia cambogia, is commonly used as a dietary supplement for weight management. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the teratogenic potential of a novel calcium/potassium salt of HCA (HCA-SX) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Due to its potential to affect fat synthesis and reduce food intake, processes that are often crucial in normal fetal development, this teratology study was undertaken as part of a multigeneration reproductive investigation. The animals in this study were selected randomly after weaning from each F(2b) litter of the F(1) generation from the two-generation reproductive toxicity study. To start the teratology study, Sprague-Dawley rat pups ( approximately 30/sex/group) from the F(2b) generation were allowed to grow up to 10 to 12 weeks of age before mating. The rats in the treatment group were exposed directly to HCA-SX through feed, while prior to their weaning, they had indirect exposure to the test material during lactation. The dietary exposure levels were the same as those employed for the two-generation reproductive toxicity study, viz. 1000, 3000, or 10,000 ppm. Following mating at maturity, the pregnant rats were observed daily for clinical signs of adverse effects, and body weight and feed consumption were recorded. On day 20 of gestation, animals were subjected to a necropsy and cesarean section to examine the uterus, ovaries, and fetuses for assessment of different parameters of pregnancy and embryo-fetal defects. Despite a slight (13%) lowering of maternal body weight gain during gestation period in the group receiving 10,000 ppm HCA-SX, no evidence of maternal toxicity, adverse effects on the parameters evaluated for the gravid uteri, external abnormalities in the fetuses, soft tissue abnormalities in the fetuses, or skeletal abnormalities in the fetuses were noted. Based on the results of this developmental toxicity study, conducted in continuation of a two-generation reproductive toxicity study, HCA-SX was not found to be teratogenic in the Sprague-Dawley rat at the dietary exposure levels of 1000, 3000, and 10,000 ppm, equivalent to the dose levels of 103, 352, or 1240 mg/kg/day, respectively.

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Safety of a Novel Calcium/Potassium Salt of Hydroxycitric Acid (HCA-SX): I. Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

(-)-Hydroxycitric Acid Reduced Lipid Droplets Accumulation Via Decreasing Acetyl-Coa Supply and Accelerating Energy Metabolism in Cultured Primary Chicken Hepatocytes

(-)-Hydroxycitric Acid Reduced Lipid Droplets Accumulation Via Decreasing Acetyl-Coa Supply and Accelerating Energy Metabolism in Cultured Primary Chicken Hepatocytes

Safety of an oxygen-coordinated niacin-bound chromium(III) complex (NBC): II. Developmental toxicity study in rats

Safety of a Novel Calcium/Potassium Saltof (-)-Hydroxycitric Acid (HCA-SX): II.Developmental Toxicity Study in Rats

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