Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) is a topical antiseptic used in wound cleaning which kills pathogens through oxidation burst and local oxygen production. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> has been reported to be a reactive biochemical molecule synthesized by various cells that influences biological behavior through multiple mechanisms: alterations of membrane potential, generation of new molecules, and changing intracellular redox balance, which results in activation or inactivation of different signaling transduction pathways. Contrary to the traditional viewpoint that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> probably impairs tissue through its high oxidative property, a proper level of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is considered an important requirement for normal wound healing. Although the present clinical use of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is still limited to the elimination of microbial contamination and sometimes hemostasis, better understanding towards the sterilization ability and cell behavior regulatory function of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> within wounds will enhance the potential to exogenously augment and manipulate healing.