DEAR EDITOR, Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a not uncommon, highly debilitating inflammatory skin disease of unknown origin, particularly affecting the large folds and the anogenital area. 1 One of the most severe complications of long-standing HS is the occurrence of spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) at the border of ulcerated HS lesions, also termed Marjolin ulcer, which occurs in up to 3Á2% of patients with HS. 2 This complication is most often seen in male patients, and more typically in the anogenital region. 2 The recognition of SpCC in these HS lesions is often delayed. Locoregional metastases are common, as well as multiple lesions with aggressive growth patterns (Fig. 1). A lethal outcome of this complication is not at all rare. 2 Patients with HS often simultaneously present several risk factors for the development of SpCC. Firstly, cigarette smoking, observed in 80-90% of patients with HS, constitutes a risk factor, both for HS and for SpCC, probably by creating a proinflammatory environment. 1 Secondly, immunosuppressive therapies, systemic steroids, ciclosporin and, more recently, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists like adalimumab, used to treat HS, may constitute other risk factors. 1 Studies have shown that in some patient categories the use of TNF antagonists increases up to twofold the risk of developing SpCC and may shorten the time to the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer, particularly in patients with psoriasis. 1 Thirdly, chronic cutaneous wounds constitute a favourable situation for developing SpCC. 2 Fourthly, oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV)16 infection has been demonstrated in patients with genital HS and in HS-associated SpCC. 3 Finally, awareness among doctors concerning HS is insufficient, even less so for HS-associated SpCC, explaining a delay in diagnosis. 1 The bivalent (HPV 16,18), quadrivalent (HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18) and, more recently, nonavalent (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58) anti-HPV vaccinations target multiple HPV serotypes. Anti-HPV vaccination has proven efficacious with an acceptable benefit-risk profile in preventing cervical cancer and anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia. 4 In a real-life setting, the fight against obesity and smoking in patients with HS remains a difficult challenge. Hence, in the light of these data, should we not at least consider anti-HPV vaccination as a booster effect for our (male?)(smoking?) patients with genital HS? This should probably be as early as possible after disease onset, due to the long time interval between HPV infection and the actual cancer development.
References1 Vekic DA, Frew J, Cains GD. Hidradenitis suppurativa, a review of pathogenesis, associations and management. Part 1. Australas J Dermatol 2018; 59:267-77. 2 Yuan JT, Naik HB. Complications of hidradenitis suppurativa. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2017; 36:79-85. 3 Segura Palacios JM, Garc ıa Montero P, F unez Li ebana R, Repiso Jim enez JB. Human papilloma virus and the risk of squamous cell carcinoma arising in hidradenitis suppurativa. Actas Dermosifiliog...