Safety of virtual reality use in children: a systematic review
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Cited by 3 publications
References 46 publications
Virtual Reality as Active Distraction in Laceration Repair
Objectives We conducted an unblinded, randomized control trial to determine if immersive virtual reality (VR) goggles decrease pain and fear scores in children undergoing laceration repair in the pediatric emergency department (PED) compared to the standard of care. Secondary outcomes included duration of procedure, physical holding, anxiolytic usage, and desire to use VR goggles again. Methods Ninety-one patients aged 6-17 years in a PED with simple lacerations sutured by PED staff completed surveys. Eligible patients were randomized to receive either VR or standard of care. Guardians and providers also completed surveys. Self-reported pain scores were assessed by the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale and fear scores by Children's Fear Scale. Results There were significant reductions in pain and fear scores for VR goggles compared to standard of care. Patients rated their mean pain score as 3.7 in controls and 2.3 in the VR group, and mean fear score of 3.0 and 2.2. The likelihood of physical holding was significantly lower among those who used VR goggles (adjusted odds ratio = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [0.13–0.92], P = 0.033). The likelihood of receiving anxiolytics was lower among the 12- to 17-year-olds (adjusted odds ratio = 0.27, 95% confidence interval [0.11–0.69], P = 0.006). There was no significant difference in the procedure duration (P = 0.06). A total of 97.9% of parents, 93.6% of patients, and 95.7% of providers would use VR again. Conclusion Virtual reality goggles are an effective tool for distraction for simple laceration repairs. Their use leads to decreased pain and fear. Children who used VR goggles did not require to be held as often for sutures. There was no significant difference in anxiolytics or duration of procedure.
Virtual Reality as Active Distraction in Laceration Repair
Objectives We conducted an unblinded, randomized control trial to determine if immersive virtual reality (VR) goggles decrease pain and fear scores in children undergoing laceration repair in the pediatric emergency department (PED) compared to the standard of care. Secondary outcomes included duration of procedure, physical holding, anxiolytic usage, and desire to use VR goggles again. Methods Ninety-one patients aged 6-17 years in a PED with simple lacerations sutured by PED staff completed surveys. Eligible patients were randomized to receive either VR or standard of care. Guardians and providers also completed surveys. Self-reported pain scores were assessed by the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale and fear scores by Children's Fear Scale. Results There were significant reductions in pain and fear scores for VR goggles compared to standard of care. Patients rated their mean pain score as 3.7 in controls and 2.3 in the VR group, and mean fear score of 3.0 and 2.2. The likelihood of physical holding was significantly lower among those who used VR goggles (adjusted odds ratio = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [0.13–0.92], P = 0.033). The likelihood of receiving anxiolytics was lower among the 12- to 17-year-olds (adjusted odds ratio = 0.27, 95% confidence interval [0.11–0.69], P = 0.006). There was no significant difference in the procedure duration (P = 0.06). A total of 97.9% of parents, 93.6% of patients, and 95.7% of providers would use VR again. Conclusion Virtual reality goggles are an effective tool for distraction for simple laceration repairs. Their use leads to decreased pain and fear. Children who used VR goggles did not require to be held as often for sutures. There was no significant difference in anxiolytics or duration of procedure.
Immersive poetry learning: a field study with middle school students
IntroductionThe field of poetry learning is currently facing significant challenges, primarily due to a lack of motivation and interest among students. This has resulted in educators encountering difficulties in identifying suitable educational alternatives. To address the latter issue, immersive learning has emerged as a potential solution, as it has been demonstrated to enhance motivation and learning outcomes in a multitude of fields.MethodsIn light of the aforementioned considerations, this field study seeks to examine the potential of virtual reality (VR) tools in enhancing the memorization of poetry by increasing the engagement of the participants. The study concentrated on the acquisition of a French poem by a group of middle school students. A virtual environment has been developed for this purpose, tailored to the poem in question. The experimental design included a pretest, segmented learning sessions, a posttest, and a retention test. To evaluate student engagement, both motivation and sense of presence were measured using Likert-scale questionnaires, while memorization performance was assessed through a scoring system based on recall accuracy.ResultsThe findings reveal that the VR group demonstrated significantly higher motivation than the control group, with a mean difference of 12.626 on a 7-point Likert scale (six items), indicating that VR is a notably more effective tool for enhancing motivation in poetry learning than traditional methods. Additionally, the VR group reported a significantly stronger sense of presence, with a mean difference of 6.111 on the same questionnaire scale, further suggesting that VR enhances students’ sense of immersion in the learning experience. These results indicate that students using VR exhibited higher levels of overall engagement than those in the control group.DiscussionHowever, this increased engagement did not lead to improved memorization outcomes, as there was no significant difference in recall accuracy between the two groups. A potential explanation for this discrepancy is the “novelty effect” of VR, which may have distracted students from focusing fully on the memorization task. The implications of integrating VR in educational settings are thus discussed.
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality for Managing Pain, Fear, and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Needle-Related Procedures: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
The most frequently performed invasive procedures in hospitals and healthcare centers are needle-related procedures, such as intravenous cannulation and phlebotomy, and they are identified as the major sources of pain, fear, and anxiety in children and adolescents. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of VR as a distraction measure to reduce pain, fear, and anxiety in children and adolescents undergoing needle-related invasive procedures. For this purpose, the CINAHL, Scopus, WOS, and Cochrane Library scientific databases were used. The protocol review was registered in PROSPERO (ID:42024563245), and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Twenty-one studies were included in the systematic review, involving a total of 2663 participants. Significant differences favored the use of virtual reality for the control of pain intensity (WBFSpatients p = 0.001; MD = −1.83; 95% CI −2.93 to −0.72; WBFSparents p = 0.0002; MD = −2.61; 95% CI −4.00 to −1.23; WBFSnurses p = 0.0001; MD = −2.71; 95% CI −2.82 to −2.60; VAS/NRS p = 0.001, MD = −0.71; 95% CI −1.13 to −0.28), anxiety (CAMpatient p = 0.02, MD = −2.92; 95% CI −5.45 to −0.38; CAMparents p = 0.01, MD = −3.87; 95% CI −6.99 to −0.75) and fear (CFSpatients p = 0.0005, MD = −1.27; 95% CI −1.99 to −0.56; CFSparents p = 0.0005, MD = −1.33; 95% CI −2.08 to −0.58; and CFSnurses p = 0.04, MD = −1.13; 95% CI −2.24 to −0.03). However, high heterogeneity was noted. The use of virtual reality as a distraction appears to be a valuable strategy for reducing pain, fear, and anxiety during needle-related procedures, although further studies with higher methodological rigor, based on a standardized protocol, are needed.
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