Safety Pharmacology

Jacobson‐Kram, David; Keller, Kit A.

doi:10.1201/b14280-4

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 220 publications

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“…Behavioral studies in academic research and drug discovery are commonly conducted on rats, which are also the preferred rodent species for toxicology and safety pharmacology studies [ 1 ; 2 ; 3 ]. In drug discovery, such studies are used to inform critical decisions; in preclinical safety assessment they are required by regulatory authorities prior to human exposure [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional approaches to recording the behavior of laboratory rats are limited to ‘snapshot’ assessments, whether for academic research or in the pharmaceutical industry. Typical examples include manual observations by a trained observer using multi-parameter assessments of global neurobehavioral effects (e.g., the Irwin test or Functional Observational Battery (FOB) [ 2 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ], or a scoring scale for abnormal behaviors (e.g., stereotypies [ 11 ; 12 ; 13 ]; seizures [ 14 ]). For convenience, behavioral assessments are usually performed during the daytime, when these nocturnal animals are generally less active.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automated recording of home cage activity and temperature of individual rats housed in social groups: The Rodent Big Brother project

et al. 2017

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Measuring the activity and temperature of rats is commonly required in biomedical research. Conventional approaches necessitate single housing, which affects their behavior and wellbeing. We have used a subcutaneous radiofrequency identification (RFID) transponder to measure ambulatory activity and temperature of individual rats when group-housed in conventional, rack-mounted home cages. The transponder location and temperature is detected by a matrix of antennae in a baseplate under the cage. An infrared high-definition camera acquires side-view video of the cage and also enables automated detection of vertical activity. Validation studies showed that baseplate-derived ambulatory activity correlated well with manual tracking and with side-view whole-cage video pixel movement. This technology enables individual behavioral and temperature data to be acquired continuously from group-housed rats in their familiar, home cage environment. We demonstrate its ability to reliably detect naturally occurring behavioral effects, extending beyond the capabilities of routine observational tests and conventional monitoring equipment. It has numerous potential applications including safety pharmacology, toxicology, circadian biology, disease models and drug discovery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated recording of home cage activity and temperature of individual rats housed in social groups: The Rodent Big Brother project

et al. 2017

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“…Although various methods exist for investigating the effects of new potential medicines on GI function in rodents (10), one method commonly used is the charcoal meal test. Rats or mice are dosed with a test compound followed by an aqueous suspension of charcoal (which acts as a nonabsorbable marker) at or near to the time of maximal concentration of the test compound.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of the Charcoal Meal Study by Reduction of the Fasting Period

et al. 2012

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The aim of this investigation was to determine whether a shorter fasting period than the one historically employed for the charcoal meal test, could be used when measuring gastric emptying and intestinal transit within the same animal, and to ascertain whether the scientific outcome would be affected by this benefit to animal welfare. Rats and mice were fasted for 0, 3, 6 or 18 hours before the oral administration of vehicle or atropine. One hour later, the animals were orally administered a charcoal meal, then 20 minutes later, they were killed and the stomach and small intestine were removed. Intestinal transit time (the position of the charcoal front as a percentage of the total length of the small intestine) and relative gastric emptying (weight of stomach contents) were measured. Rats and mice fasted for six hours showed results for gastric emptying and intestinal transit which were similar to those obtained in animals fasted for 18 hours. Reducing the fasting period reduced the body weight loss in both species, and mice on shorter fasts could be group-housed, as hunger-induced fighting was lessened. Therefore, a fasting period of six hours was subsequently adopted for charcoal meal studies at our institution.

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“…Therefore, in safety pharmacology, the first-tier test used is a neurobehavioural assessment, either in the format of the functional observational battery (FOB) or Irwin test (Moser 1989;LeBel and Foss 1996;Moser et al 1997;Roux et al 2005;Redfern and Wakefield 2006). Similar assessments have been devised for dogs (Gad and Gad 2003;Tontodonati et al 2007;Moscardo et al 2009) and monkeys Froget et al 2012).…”

Section: Global Neurobehavioural Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of Safety Pharmacology

2015

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology

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Safety Pharmacology

Cited by 10 publications

References 220 publications

Automated recording of home cage activity and temperature of individual rats housed in social groups: The Rodent Big Brother project

Automated recording of home cage activity and temperature of individual rats housed in social groups: The Rodent Big Brother project

Refinement of the Charcoal Meal Study by Reduction of the Fasting Period

Principles of Safety Pharmacology

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