Safety Profile of Transcranial Near-Infrared Laser Therapy Administered in Combination With Thrombolytic Therapy to Embolized Rabbits

Lapchak, Paul A.; Han, Moon Ku; Salgado, Karmen F.; Streeter, Jackson; Zivin, Justin A.

doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.516393

Cited by 66 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…91 Furthermore, whereas thrombolytic therapy increased the incidence of hemorrhage compared to controls, LLLT decreased the incidence of hemorrhage induced by thrombolytic therapy by 30% and had no effect on hemorrhage rate when given alone. 92 In this model of embolic stroke, there was 45% decreased ATP content in the ischemic cortex compared to naive rabbits 3 hours after embolization. LLLT given as a continuous pulse resulted in a 41% increase in cortical ATP content compared to the submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com…”

Section: Stroke and Neurotraumamentioning

confidence: 77%

Low-level light therapy of the eye and brain

Rojas¹,

González-Lima²

2011

117

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Low-level light therapy (LLLT) using red to near-infrared light energy has gained attention in recent years as a new scientific approach with therapeutic applications in ophthalmology, neurology, and psychiatry. The ongoing therapeutic revolution spearheaded by LLLT is largely propelled by progress in the basic science fields of photobiology and bioenergetics. This paper describes the mechanisms of action of LLLT at the molecular, cellular, and nervous tissue levels. Photoneuromodulation of cytochrome oxidase activity is the most important primary mechanism of action of LLLT. Cytochrome oxidase is the primary photoacceptor of light in the red to near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is also a key mitochondrial enzyme for cellular bioenergetics, especially for nerve cells in the retina and the brain. Evidence shows that LLLT can secondarily enhance neural metabolism by regulating mitochondrial function, intraneuronal signaling systems, and redox states. Current knowledge about LLLT dosimetry relevant for its hormetic effects on nervous tissue, including noninvasive in vivo retinal and transcranial effects, is also presented. Recent research is reviewed that supports LLLT potential benefits in retinal disease, stroke, neurotrauma, neurodegeneration, and memory and mood disorders. Since mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in neurodegeneration, LLLT has potential significant applications against retinal and brain damage by counteracting the consequences of mitochondrial failure. Upon transcranial delivery in vivo, LLLT induces brain metabolic and antioxidant beneficial effects, as measured by increases in cytochrome oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. Increases in cerebral blood flow and cognitive functions induced by LLLT have also been observed in humans. Importantly, LLLT given at energy densities that exert beneficial effects does not induce adverse effects. This highlights the value of LLLT as a novel paradigm to treat visual, neurological, and psychological conditions, and supports that neuronal energy metabolism could constitute a major target for neurotherapeutics of the eye and brain.

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Section: Stroke and Neurotraumamentioning

confidence: 77%

Low-level light therapy of the eye and brain

Rojas¹,

González-Lima²

2011

117

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“…Moreover, in a hemorrhagic stroke patient, NILT may cause excessive and uncontrollable brain bleeding and subsequent ischemic tissue death. However, a preclinical study in rabbits did show that NILT was safe and did not significantly affect hemorrhage [97]. Nevertheless, precautions should be taken in patients until safety has been shown.…”

Section: Parkinson’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial near-infrared laser therapy applied to promote clinical recovery in acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases

Lapchak¹

2012

Expert Review of Medical Devices

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One of the most promising methods to treat neurodegeneration is noninvasive transcranial near-infrared laser therapy (NILT), which appears to promote acute neuroprotection by stimulating mitochondrial function, thereby increasing cellular energy production. NILT may also promote chronic neuronal function restoration via trophic factor-mediated plasticity changes or possibly neurogenesis. Clearly, NILT is a treatment that confers neuroprotection or neurorestoration using pleiotropic mechanisms. The most advanced application of NILT is for acute ischemic stroke based upon extensive preclinical and clinical studies. In laboratory settings, NILT is also being developed to treat traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. There is some intriguing data in the literature that suggests that NILT may be a method to promote clinical improvement in neurodegenerative diseases where there is a common mechanistic component, mitochondrial dysfunction and energy impairment. This article will analyze and review data supporting the continued development of NILT to treat neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…One of the areas attracting increasing interest is the use of LLLT to treat neurological diseases such as stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, brain injury, and spinal cord injury [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]. The fact there is no effective drug-based therapies for most of these disorders has encouraged researchers to consider the use of laser treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Therapeutic Effects between Pulsed and Continuous Wave 810-nm Wavelength Laser Irradiation for Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

et al. 2011

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Background and ObjectiveTranscranial low-level laser therapy (LLLT) using near-infrared light can efficiently penetrate through the scalp and skull and could allow non-invasive treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI). In the present study, we compared the therapeutic effect using 810-nm wavelength laser light in continuous and pulsed wave modes in a mouse model of TBI.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTBI was induced by a controlled cortical-impact device and 4-hours post-TBI 1-group received a sham treatment and 3-groups received a single exposure to transcranial LLLT, either continuous wave or pulsed at 10-Hz or 100-Hz with a 50% duty cycle. An 810-nm Ga-Al-As diode laser delivered a spot with diameter of 1-cm onto the injured head with a power density of 50-mW/cm2 for 12-minutes giving a fluence of 36-J/cm2. Neurological severity score (NSS) and body weight were measured up to 4 weeks. Mice were sacrificed at 2, 15 and 28 days post-TBI and the lesion size was histologically analyzed. The quantity of ATP production in the brain tissue was determined immediately after laser irradiation. We examined the role of LLLT on the psychological state of the mice at 1 day and 4 weeks after TBI using tail suspension test and forced swim test.ResultsThe 810-nm laser pulsed at 10-Hz was the most effective judged by improvement in NSS and body weight although the other laser regimens were also effective. The brain lesion volume of mice treated with 10-Hz pulsed-laser irradiation was significantly lower than control group at 15-days and 4-weeks post-TBI. Moreover, we found an antidepressant effect of LLLT at 4-weeks as shown by forced swim and tail suspension tests.ConclusionThe therapeutic effect of LLLT for TBI with an 810-nm laser was more effective at 10-Hz pulse frequency than at CW and 100-Hz. This finding may provide a new insight into biological mechanisms of LLLT.

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Safety Profile of Transcranial Near-Infrared Laser Therapy Administered in Combination With Thrombolytic Therapy to Embolized Rabbits

Cited by 66 publications

References 46 publications

Low-level light therapy of the eye and brain

Low-level light therapy of the eye and brain

Transcranial near-infrared laser therapy applied to promote clinical recovery in acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases

Comparison of Therapeutic Effects between Pulsed and Continuous Wave 810-nm Wavelength Laser Irradiation for Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

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