Safety Study of an Antimicrobial Peptide Lactocin 160, Produced by the Vaginal<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i>

Dover, Sara E.; Aroutcheva, Alla; Faro, Sebastian; Chikindas, Michael L.

doi:10.1155/2007/78248

Cited by 43 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…21 Lactocin 160 causes minimal irritation and has a good potential for intravaginal application. 22 While depletion of lactobacilli and an overgrowth of pathogens are distinct features of BV, antibiotic therapy further lowers the numbers of lactobacilli. 23 The topical administration of lactobacilli preparations in addition to antibiotic therapy may help restore the normal vaginal flora and avoid the relapses of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus Lcr35 in restoring the normal vaginal flora after antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis

Petricevic

Witt

2008

BJOG

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of additional topical Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus (Lcr35) subsequent to antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) to restore the normal vaginal flora.Study design Single-centre, randomised, observerblinded study.Setting Population-based study in Vienna over 1 year.Sample 190 women were enrolled in the study.Methods Women with Nugent scores between 7 and 10 on initial vaginal swab were randomised to the one of two groups. All women were treated with standard antibiotic therapy for 7 days. Only women in the intervention group received vaginal capsules containing 10 9 colony-forming units of live Lcr35 for 7 days after antibiotic treatment. Final vaginal swabs for Nugent scoring were taken 4 weeks after the last administration of the study medication.Main outcome measures The primary efficacy variable was a change in the Nugent score between the baseline and the end of the study of at least 5 grades in each individual woman.Results Sixty-nine of the 83 women (83%) in the intervention group and 31 of the 88 women (35%) in the control group showed a reduction of the Nugent score by at least 5 grades. The difference in the number of women with improvement was highly significant (P < 0.001). The median difference in Nugent scores between initial and final swabs was 6.61 in the intervention group and 4.13 in the control group (P < 0.001).Conclusion Our data show that the restoration of the vaginal flora after antibiotic treatment of BV can be significantly enhanced by exogenously applied lactobacilli.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus Lcr35 in restoring the normal vaginal flora after antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis

Petricevic

Witt

2008

BJOG

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“…The vagina harbors a highly diverse community of competing microbes. Bacteriocins are produced by vaginal lactobacilli and enterococci (65,66), and the ability to resist their antimicrobial effects would be advantageous for L. iners survival. No complete bacteriocin synthesis genes were found in the L. iners AB-1 genome, but three genes were found to encode putative bacteriocin immunity proteins.…”

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confidence: 99%

At the crossroads of vaginal health and disease, the genome sequence of Lactobacillus iners AB-1

Macklaim

Gloor²,

Anukam

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

196

191

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Lactobacilli have long been regarded as important constituents of the healthy human vagina. Lactobacillus iners is the most frequently detected bacterial species in the vagina, but little is known about its characteristics. We report a description of the whole-genome sequence of L. iners AB-1 along with comparative analysis of published genomes of closely related strains of lactobacilli. The genome is the smallest Lactobacillus reported to date, with a 1.3-Mbp single chromosome. The genome seems to have undergone one or more rapid evolution events that resulted in large-scale gene loss and horizontal acquisition of a number of genes for survival in the vagina. L. iners may exhibit specialized adaptation mechanisms to the vaginal environment, such as an iron–sulfur cluster assembly system, and several unique σ factors to regulate gene transcription in this fluctuating environment. A potentially highly expressed homolog of a cholesterol-binding lysin may also contribute to host cell adhesion or act as a defense mechanism against other microbes. Notably, there is a lack of apparent adhesion proteins, but several cell-anchor proteins were identified and may be important for interaction with the host mucosal tissues. L. iners is widely present in healthy females as well as those suffering from bacterial vaginosis or who have undergone antimicrobial therapy, suggesting that it is an important indigenous species of the vagina.

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“…However, the molecules that are designed for such an activity often target other cells in the vagina, such as the cervico-vaginal epithelia and Lactobacilli that are crucial for maintaining a natural barrier to pathogen invasion, especially HIV. N-9 is one such molecule that kills sperm, bacteria (including lactobacillus), viruses, and cervico-vaginal cells in vitro [Beer et al 2006;Dover et al 2007;Ojha et al 2003] because of its strong surfactant action. Hence, there is a need for molecules that specifically target the sperm cells in the vagina, while remaining practically inert to other cell types at spermicidal concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N,N'–Dithiobisphthalimide, a disulfide aromatic compound, is a potent spermicide agent in humans

Florez

Díaz

Brito³

et al. 2011

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine

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Several studies have shown that users of vaginal preparations containing nonoxynol-9 (N-9) are at a high risk for sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. Therefore, there is a great interest in identifying compounds that can specifically inhibit sperm without damaging the vaginal lining, possess a powerful spermicide activity, and can be used in contraceptive vaginal preparations to replace N-9. In this work, we studied the spermostatic and/or spermicidal activity of five non-detergent, disulfide compounds on human sperm, HeLa cells, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The motility and viability of human sperm in semen and culture medium was evaluated after treatment with different concentrations of the disulfide compounds (2.5 -100 µM). In addition, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells and L. acidophilus. We identified compound 101, N, N , as the most effective molecule. It has a half maximal effective concentration (EC 50 ) of 8 µM and a minimum effective concentration (defined as the concentration that immobilizes 100 percent of the sperm in 20 sec) of 24 µM. At these concentrations, compound 101 does not affect the viability of the sperm, HeLa cells, or L. acidophilus. Our results indicate that dithiobisphthalimide has a potent spermostatic, irreversible effect with no toxic effects on HeLa cells and L. acidophilus.

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Safety Study of an Antimicrobial Peptide Lactocin 160, Produced by the VaginalLactobacillus rhamnosus

Cited by 43 publications

References 30 publications

The role of Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus Lcr35 in restoring the normal vaginal flora after antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis

The role of Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus Lcr35 in restoring the normal vaginal flora after antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis

At the crossroads of vaginal health and disease, the genome sequence of Lactobacillus iners AB-1

N,N'–Dithiobisphthalimide, a disulfide aromatic compound, is a potent spermicide agent in humans

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