Safety Testing of Infracyanine Green Using Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Glial Cell Cultures

Jackson, Timothy L.; Vote, Brendan J.; Knight, B.; El-Amir, Ahmed; Stanford, Miles; Marshall, John

doi:10.1167/iovs.04-0387

Cited by 45 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Such a difference may explain why several clinical investigations have shown little or no retinal toxicity with IfCG application [20,21,22]. Iodine and its derivates may be toxic to the RPE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Analysis and Decomposition Products of Indocyanine Green in Relation to Solvents, Dye Concentrations and Laser Exposure

Penha

Rodrigues²,

Maia³

et al. 2013

Ophthalmologica

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Purpose: To investigate pH, ions, osmolarity and precipitation of indocyanine green (ICG), as well as the profile of ICG decomposition products (DPs) after laser exposure and the interaction with quenchers. Methods: ICG was diluted in water, 5% glucose (GL) or balanced salt solution (BSS) to achieve concentrations of 2.5, 1, 0.25 and 0.1 mg/ml. Osmolarity, pH and precipitation were analyzed immediately and after 24 h. Precipitation analyses were done with a scanning electron microscope. Anion and iodate analyses of ICG and infracyanine green (IfCG) were performed by capillary zone electrophoresis. With regard to DPs, 0.5 mg/ml of ICG was assessed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after 810-nm laser irradiation. DP profiles were evaluated with ICG dilution in quenchers (Trolox, histidine and DABCO) in 3 concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10 M). Results: BSS promoted iso-osmotic ICG solutions of 208 mOsm (147-266) compared to GL with 177 mOsm. BSS solutions had a higher physiological pH of 7.2 compared with the GL one of 6.55. ICG precipitated more when diluted with BSS (5.95 mg); in contrast, GL showed less precipitate (3.6 mg). IfCG has no iodine derivates and other ICGs have an average 4.6% of iodate derivates. From HPLC analysis, 5 DPs were observed. The rate of DPs was higher when BSS was used (p < 0.05). Five DPs have been generated with ICG, and they may be altered with the quenchers DABCO, histidine and Trolox. Conclusions: BSS dilution induces more precipitation and DPs. ICG dilution in any solvent induces DPs. Quencher use reduces the amount of toxic DPs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Analysis and Decomposition Products of Indocyanine Green in Relation to Solvents, Dye Concentrations and Laser Exposure

Penha

Rodrigues²,

Maia³

et al. 2013

Ophthalmologica

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“…17 In vitro as well as in vivo toxicity has been shown against the retinal pigment epithelium and retinal glia. 13,14,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Owing to the risks associated with the use of ICG, alternative dyes have been sought to achieve the same goal, but with less potential toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of heavy Trypan blue in macular hole surgery

Oberstein

Smet

2010

Eye

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Purpose Intraocular dyes facilitate the identification of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) during surgery. Appropriate dyes should be safe, provide adequate staining, and be easy to use. Heavy Trypan blue eliminates the need for an air-fluid exchange (AFX) and appears to have little retinal toxicity. This study refers to a prospective, consecutive trial with heavy Trypan blue in macular hole surgery. Patients and methods A consecutive group of 20 patients with full thickness macular holes was recruited in a single institution study. Patients were operated using conventional methods. Heavy Trypan blue was prepared by mixing isovolumetrically glucose 10% with MembraneBlue (DORC, Zuidland, The Netherlands). Patients were assessed for ease of surgery and post-operatively at 3 and 6 months (vision and ocular coherence tomography) for hole closure and vision. Results Twenty eyes were included in the study. Reapplication of dye was used in 75% of the cases, leading to improved contrast further facilitating the ILM peel. In no case was an AFX necessary to obtain sufficient staining. Macular hole closure was achieved in 19 of 20 patients with one surgery. No retinal detachment or other complication was observed in the follow-up period. Conclusion Heavy Trypan blue can be delivered efficiently to the retinal surface without the need for an AFX. Staining was sufficient to help visualise and peel the ILM. Repeat applications were easily performed. The macular hole closure rate was similar to that of other series with a comparable visual improvement.

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“…Estes achados também foram encontrados por outros autores (15) tendo estes últimos relatado atrofia de nervo óptico como uma das possíveis complicações. Em contraste com estes resultados negativos, um estudo prospectivo randomizado recente (16) (16)(17) . Os melhores resultados destes artigos podem ter sido devido ao uso de técnicas de injeção de corantes com mais critério e cuidado que as publicações anteriores.…”

Section: Indocianina Verde (Icg)unclassified

“…IfCG está comercialmente disponível sob o nome Infracyanine (Laboratoires SERB, Paris, França; 25 mg). Vários ensaios experimentais e investigações clínicas (17) renderam resultados positivos com a aplicação IfCG com pouca ou nenhuma toxicidade à retina. Na pesquisa clínica o uso da IfCG para a cirurgia de SF= fluoresceína sódica; ICG= indocianina verde; IfCG= infracianina verde; TB= azul tripan; TA= triancinolona acetonida; PB= azul patente; BrB= azul de bromofenol; FMA= acetato de fluormetolona; BBG= azul brilhante G; MLI= membrana limitante interna; MER= membrana epirretiniana; EPR= epitélio pigmentário da retina buraco macular demonstrou taxas de fechamento do mesmo acima de 90%.…”

Section: Infracianina Verdeunclassified

Corantes vitais em cromovitrectomia

Dib¹,

Rodrigues²,

Maia³

et al. 2009

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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Safety Testing of Infracyanine Green Using Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Glial Cell Cultures

Abstract: IFCG has been advocated as a safer macular vital stain than ICG. These results suggest that it is less likely to produce phototoxicity, but despite being nearly iso-osmolar, IFCG also produces damage in cultured glial cells.

Cited by 45 publications

References 21 publications

Biochemical Analysis and Decomposition Products of Indocyanine Green in Relation to Solvents, Dye Concentrations and Laser Exposure

Biochemical Analysis and Decomposition Products of Indocyanine Green in Relation to Solvents, Dye Concentrations and Laser Exposure

Use of heavy Trypan blue in macular hole surgery

Corantes vitais em cromovitrectomia

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