Sagittal abdominal diameter as a marker for epicardial adipose tissue in premenopausal women

Vasques, Ana Carolina Junqueira; Souza, José Roberto Matos; Yamanaka, Ademar; Oliveira, Maria da Saúde de; Novaes, Fernanda Satake; Pareja, José Carlos; Geloneze, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.022

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Weight was measured on an electronic digital scale positioned on a flat surface, with a maximum capacity of 200 kg and a sensitivity of 100 g. The SAD was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm after a normal exhalation while the subjects were in a supine position with their knees slightly bent on a firm examination table. The measurement was taken at the umbilicus level using the Holtain-Kahn Abdominal Caliper (Holtain Ltd, Crymych, United Kingdom), a portable sliding-beam caliper [ 15 ], [ 19 ]. Waist circumference was measured in a standing position by a flexible and inelastic measuring tape (TBW Ltd, Brazil) at the umbilicus level after a normal exhalation without clothing in the measurement area and taking the necessary care not to compress the tissues.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1996, SAD, anthropometrically measured, was proposed as a surrogate marker of visceral fat mass [ 8 ], [ 9 ], which has recently become more established [ 10 – 12 ]. Some studies also demonstrated a better performance of SAD compared to waist circumference in the assessment of visceral fat [ 13 ], [ 14 ] and epicardial fat [ 15 ]. Moreover, SAD was considered an independent predictor of sudden death [ 16 ] and arterial stiffness [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sagittal Abdominal Diameter as a Surrogate Marker of Insulin Resistance in an Admixtured Population—Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study (BRAMS)

et al. 2015

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BackgroundSagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) has been proposed as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR). However, the utilization of SAD requires specific validation for each ethnicity. We aimed to investigate the potential use of SAD, compared with classical anthropometrical parameters, as a surrogate marker of IR and to establish the cutoff values of SAD for screening for IR.MethodsA multicenter population survey on metabolic disorders was conducted. A race-admixtured sample of 824 adult women was assessed. The anthropometric parameters included: BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio and SAD. IR was determined by a hyperglycemic clamp and the HOMA-IR index.ResultsAfter adjustments for age and total body fat mass, SAD (r = 0.23 and r = -0.70) and BMI (r = 0.20 and r = -0.71) were strongly correlated with the IR measured by the HOMA-IR index and the clamp, respectively (p < 0.001). In the ROC analysis, the optimal cutoff for SAD in women was 21.0 cm. The women with an increased SAD presented 3.2 (CI 95%: 2.1-5.0) more likelihood of having IR, assessed by the HOMA-IR index compared with those with normal SAD (p < 0.001); whereas women with elevated BMI and WC were 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4-3.3) and 2.8 (95% CI: 1.7-4.5) more likely to have IR (p < 0.001), respectively. No statistically significant results were found for waist-to-hip ratio.ConclusionsSAD can be a suitable surrogate marker of IR. Understanding and applying routine and simplified methods is essential because IR is associated with an increased risk of obesity-related diseases even in the presence of normal weight, slight overweight, as well as in obesity. Further prospective analysis will need to verify SAD as a determinant of clinical outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events, in the Brazilian population.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sagittal Abdominal Diameter as a Surrogate Marker of Insulin Resistance in an Admixtured Population—Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study (BRAMS)

et al. 2015

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“…In the present study we have also, for the first time, investigated SAD as a predictor of AF and found that SAD is incrementally associated with an increased risk of AF. WC and SAD are both measures of abdominal obesity, but SAD correlates better with MetS [ 39 ], CVD risk factors [ 40 ], incident CVDs [ 10 ] and the amount of visceral- [ 41 ] and epicardial [ 42 ] adipose tissue. Since visceral- and epicardial adipose tissue have a high secretion of inflammatory mediators, adipokines [ 40 ], and because inflammation is associated with the risk of AF [ 43 ], we hypothesized that SAD would have a higher predictive value of AF risk than WC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Swedish, Prospective Cohort Study

et al. 2015

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AimWe aimed to investigate whether different measures of obesity could similarly predict atrial fibrillation, and whether the atrial fibrillation risk associated with obesity is dependent on presence of metabolic syndrome.Material and MethodsWe performed our study in a population-based longitudinal cardiovascular study, comprising 1 924 men and 2 097 women, aged 60 years, from Stockholm. Body mass index, waist circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter and components of metabolic syndrome (systolic- and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) were recorded at baseline. Participants were classified by their body mass index (normal weight, overweight or obese), waist circumference (normal, semi-elevated or elevated), and according to presence of metabolic syndrome. Atrial fibrillation risk was estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for common atrial fibrillation risk factors, expressed as HR and 95% CI.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 13.6 years, 285 incident atrial fibrillation cases were recorded. One standard deviation increment of each obesity measure was associated with increased atrial fibrillation risk as: body mass index 1.25 (1.12 – 1.40), waist circumference 1.35 (1.19 – 1.54) and sagittal abdominal diameter 1.28 (1.14 – 1.44). Compared to normal weight subjects without metabolic syndrome, increased atrial fibrillation risk was noted for overweight subjects with metabolic syndrome, 1.67 (1.16 – 2.41), obese subjects without metabolic syndrome, 1.75 (1.11 – 2.74) and obese subjects with metabolic syndrome, 1.92 (1.34 – 2.74). Compared to subjects with normal waist circumference without metabolic syndrome, subjects with elevated waist circumference and metabolic syndrome suffered increased atrial fibrillation risk, 2.03 (1.44 – 2.87).ConclusionsBody mass index, waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter could similarly predict atrial fibrillation. Obesity was associated with an increased atrial fibrillation risk regardless of metabolic syndrome, whereas overweight and elevated waist circumference was associated with increased atrial fibrillation risk only if metabolic syndrome was present.

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“…23 Currently, sagittal abdominal diameter, which has emerged as a surrogate marker of visceral obesity, accurately estimated cardiac fat deposits when compared with BMI and, thus, represents a clinically helpful non-invasive parameter that can identify patients with cardiac fat deposits. 37 Pericardial fat has been reported to contain higher levels of inflammatory markers than does subcutaneous fat, and several studies have suggested that pericardial fat has a local pathogenic effect on surrounding coronary arteries, whereas subcutaneous fat exerts a systemic effect in enhancing the insulin resistance. 21 No significant correlation existed between the number of coronary vessel involvement and PFV, and patients with normal coronary arteries were noted to have lower PFV values than patients with stenotic lesions in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of pericardial fat volume with coronary atherosclerotic disease assessed by CT angiography

Nafakhi

Al‐Mosawi²,

Al-Nafakh³

et al. 2014

BJR

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Sagittal abdominal diameter as a marker for epicardial adipose tissue in premenopausal women

Abstract: SAD, a simple anthropometric measure, accurately estimated EAT and thus represents a clinically useful non-invasive marker that can identify patients with EAT accumulation.

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Sagittal Abdominal Diameter as a Surrogate Marker of Insulin Resistance in an Admixtured Population—Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study (BRAMS)

Sagittal Abdominal Diameter as a Surrogate Marker of Insulin Resistance in an Admixtured Population—Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study (BRAMS)

Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Swedish, Prospective Cohort Study

Association of pericardial fat volume with coronary atherosclerotic disease assessed by CT angiography

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